Combined astaxanthin and fish oil supplementation improves glutathione-based redox balance in rat plasma and neutrophils
Marcelo Paes Barros, Douglas Popp Marin, Anaysa Paola Bolin, Rita de Cássia Santos Macedo, Thais Regina Campoio, Claudio Fineto Jr, Beatriz Alves Guerra, Tatiana Geraldo Polotow, Cristina Vardaris, Rita Mattei, Rosemari Otton, Marcelo Paes Barros, Douglas Popp Marin, Anaysa Paola Bolin, Rita de Cássia Santos Macedo, Thais Regina Campoio, Claudio Fineto Jr, Beatriz Alves Guerra, Tatiana Geraldo Polotow, Cristina Vardaris, Rita Mattei, Rosemari Otton
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of daily (45 days) intake of fish oil (FO; 10mg EPA/kg body weight (BW) and 7 mg DHA/kg BW) and/or natural ASTA (1mg ASTA/kg BW) on oxidative stress and functional indexes of neutrophils isolated from Wistar rats by monitoring superoxide (O(2)(-)), hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), and nitric oxide (NO()) production compared to the progression of auto-induced lipid peroxidation and Ca(2+) release in activated neutrophils. Furthermore, phagocytic capacity, antioxidant enzyme activities, glutathione-recycling system, and biomarkers of lipid and protein oxidation in neutrophils were compared to the redox status. Our results show evidence of the beneficial effects of FO+ASTA supplementation for immune competence based on the redox balance in plasma (significant increase in GSH-dependent reducing power), non-activated neutrophils (increased activity of the glutathione-recycling enzymes GPx and GR) and PMA-activated neutrophils (lower O(2)(-), H(2)O(2), and NO() generation, reduced membrane oxidation, but higher phagocytic activity). Combined application of ASTA and FO promoted hypolipidemic/hypocholesterolemic effects in plasma and resulted in increased phagocytic activity of activated neutrophils when compared with ASTA or FO applied alone. In PMA-activated neutrophils, ASTA was superior to FO in exerting antioxidant effects. The bulk of data reinforces the hypothesis that habitual consumption of marine fish (e.g. salmon, which is a natural source of both astaxanthin and fish oil) is beneficial to human health, in particular by improving immune response and lowering the risk of vascular and infectious diseases.
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Source: PubMed