Post-vasectomy pain syndrome: diagnosis, management and treatment options

Varsha Sinha, Ranjith Ramasamy, Varsha Sinha, Ranjith Ramasamy

Abstract

Vasectomy is the most effective form of sterilization for men. With approximately 500,000 vasectomies performed each year in the United States, 1-2% of these patients will experience chronic testicular pain for greater than three months after the procedure. Post-vasectomy pain syndrome (PVPS) is diagnosis of exclusion, and may be caused by direct damage to spermatic cord structures, compression of nerves in the spermatic cord via inflammation, back pressure from epididymal congestion, and perineural fibrosis. Treatment should begin with the most noninvasive options and progress towards surgical management if symptoms persist. Noninvasive therapies include acupuncture, pelvic floor therapy and pharmacologic options. Ultimately, management of PVPS requires a multimodal approach. Thorough understanding of the potential etiologies of PVPS along with the therapeutic options currently available is important to improve quality of life.

Keywords: Post-vasectomy pain; epididymectomy; microdenervation of spermatic cord; orchalgia; post-vasectomy pain syndrome (PVPS); testicular pain; vasectomy reversal; vasovasostomy.

Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Multimodal approach to the management of PVPS. PVPS, post-vasectomy pain syndrome.

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