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S-Acetyl Glutathione and Performance Recovery in Soccer

1 de julio de 2026 actualizado por: Dimitrios Draganidis, University of Thessaly

Pharmacodynamics & Pharmacokinetics Study of S-Acetyl Glutathione in Highly Trained Soccer Players

Soccer players display elevated inflammatory and oxidative stress markers combined with reduced soccer specific performance over a 72-hour period. However, in modern soccer, players participate very often in 2 or 3 matches within a week, with a recovery period of 72 hours between successive matches, that is insufficient to restore skeletal muscle homeostasis and performance. Of note, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, a tripeptide consisting of the amino acids cysteine, glycine and glutamic acid, are substantially reduced during the 72-hour recovery period after a match because of the trauma-related acute inflammatory and oxidative stress response. GSH availability is a crucial regulator of cellular redox status, affecting numerous intracellular and physiological processes such as redox signalling, immunoregulation and muscle metabolism. Indeed, enhanced GSH availability following muscle damaging exercise has been shown to be beneficial for skeletal muscle and performance recovery by mitigating the inflammatory and oxidative stress response. Thus, the enhancement of GSH availability through dietary interventions would be a promising strategy to accelerate skeletal muscle and performance recovery following a soccer game. S-Acetyl Glutathione (SAG) is a glutathione precursor with enhanced absorption kinetics due to chemical S-acetylation of the thiol group on the cysteinyl amino acid of GSH and oral administration of SAG has been shown to be more effective in restoring intracellular glutathione levels compared to oral glutathione. The aim of this study is to (i) perform a pharmacokinetic assessment of 200 mg/day vs 500 mg/day of SAG during a 7-day supplementation period (pre-loading) and (ii) to establish the pharmacodynamic effect of the two dosages at 24, 48 and 72h following a 90-minute official soccer match.

Descripción general del estudio

Estado

Aún no reclutando

Condiciones

Intervención / Tratamiento

Descripción detallada

Following baseline testing [including assessment of anthropometrics, body composition (via DXA instrumentation) and physical performance (cardiorespiratory fitness, drop jump and countermovement jump performance, repeated sprint anility, isokinetic peak torque)], 20 well-trained, soccer players will participate in three trials, receiving daily (i) 200 mg SAG, (ii) 500 mg SAG or (iii) Placebo, according to a randomized, double-blind, crossover, repeated-measures design. The duration of each trial will be 11 days, including a 7-day pre-loading period (days 1 -7), a match day (day 8) and 3 consecutive recovery days after the match (days 9-11). Between trials a 3-week washout period will be implemented.

Pre-loading period: During the 7-day pre-loading period players will participate daily in training sessions according to a soccer-specific weekly training schedule, while receiving the respective supplement. Blood samples will be collected on day 1 and day 7 while daily nutrient intake (via 7-day diet recalls), physical activity level (via accelerometry) and training load (via global positioning system instrumentation during training sessions) will be monitored daily.

Match day: On match day, players will participate in an official 90-min soccer match. Field activity (total distance, average and maximum speed, high intensity running, high speed running, accelerations, decelerations) and heart rate (mean and maximum heart rate) will be continuously monitored using global positioning system (GPS) and heart rate monitors, respectively.

Recovery days: During the 3-day recovery period after the match, players will participate daily in (i) morning testing sessions and (ii) training sessions in the evening. Testing sessions will include blood sampling and performance measurements including drop jump and countermovement jump performance, repeated sprint anility, isokinetic peak torque and muscle soreness (DOMS). Dietary intake (via a 3-day diet recalls), physical activity level (via accelerometry) and training load (via GPS instrumentation during training sessions) will be monitored daily.

Tipo de estudio

Intervencionista

Inscripción (Estimado)

20

Fase

  • No aplica

Contactos y Ubicaciones

Esta sección proporciona los datos de contacto de quienes realizan el estudio e información sobre dónde se lleva a cabo este estudio.

Estudio Contacto

  • Nombre: Dimitrios Draganidis, PhD
  • Número de teléfono: +30 2431047078
  • Correo electrónico: ddraganidis@uth.gr

Copia de seguridad de contactos de estudio

  • Nombre: Athanasios Poulios, PhD
  • Número de teléfono: +30 2431047053
  • Correo electrónico: athanpoul@gmail.com

Ubicaciones de estudio

  • Grecia
    • Karies
      • Trikala, Karies, Grecia, 42100
        • Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly
        • Contacto:
          • Ioannis G Fatouros, PhD
          • Número de teléfono: +30 2431047047
          • Correo electrónico: ifatouros@uth.gr
        • Contacto:
          • Athanasios Z Jamurtas, PhD
          • Número de teléfono: +30 24310 47054
          • Correo electrónico: ajamurt@uth.gr

Criterios de participación

Los investigadores buscan personas que se ajusten a una determinada descripción, denominada criterio de elegibilidad. Algunos ejemplos de estos criterios son el estado de salud general de una persona o tratamientos previos.

Criterio de elegibilidad

Edades elegibles para estudiar

  • Adulto

Acepta Voluntarios Saludables

Sí

Descripción

Inclusion Criteria:

  • participation at elite (top three division leagues) for ≥ 4 years
  • no recent history of febrile illness, musculoskeletal problems and metabolic diseases
  • no consumption of medications and performance-enhancing supplements (including anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, vitamins and multivitamin supplements) for at least 6 months prior to the study
  • participation in at least 5 training sessions and 1 match per week
  • non-smokers

Exclusion Criteria:

  • musculoskeletal injury
  • consumption of medication and performance-enhancing supplements
  • illness during the course of the study
  • loss of follow-up measurements

Plan de estudios

Esta sección proporciona detalles del plan de estudio, incluido cómo está diseñado el estudio y qué mide el estudio.

¿Cómo está diseñado el estudio?

Detalles de diseño

  • Propósito principal: Otro
  • Asignación: Aleatorizado
  • Modelo Intervencionista: Asignación cruzada
  • Enmascaramiento: Triple

Armas e Intervenciones

Grupo de participantes/brazo
Intervención / Tratamiento
Experimental: SAG-200 Trial
Oral administration of S-Acetyl Glutathione (SAG)
Suplemento dietético: 200 mg S-Acetyl Glutathione
Participants will be supplemented daily with 200 mg of S-acetyl glutathione, orally, over the 11-day experimental period.
Experimental: SAG-500 Trial
Oral administration of S-Acetyl Glutathione (SAG)
Suplemento dietético: 500 mg S-Acetyl Glutathione
Participants will be supplemented daily with 500 mg of S-acetyl glutathione, orally, over the 11-day experimental period.
Comparador de placebos: Placebo Trial
Oral administration of placebo
Suplemento dietético: Placebo Supplementation
Participants will be supplemented daily with placebo, orally, over the 11-day experimental period.

¿Qué mide el estudio?

Medidas de resultado primarias

Medida de resultado
Medida Descripción
Periodo de tiempo
Change in creatine kinase levels
Periodo de tiempo: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Creatine kinase concentration will be measured in serum using a Clinical Chemistry Analyzer
Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in myoglobin levels
Periodo de tiempo: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Myoglobin concentration will be measured in serum using a Clinical Chemistry Analyzer
Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in reduced glutathione
Periodo de tiempo: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Reduced glutathione will be photometrically determined in red blood cell lysates using a spectrophotometer
Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in oxidized glutathione
Periodo de tiempo: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Oxidized glutathione will be photometrically determined in red blood cell lysates using a spectrophotometer
Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in glutathione reductase activity
Periodo de tiempo: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Glutathione reductase activity will be photometrically determined in red blood cell lysates using a spectrophotometer
Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in glutathione peroxidase activity
Periodo de tiempo: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11.
Glutathione peroxidase activity will be photometrically determined in red blood cell lysates using a spectrophotometer
Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11.
Change in catalase activity
Periodo de tiempo: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Catalase activity will be photometrically determined in red blood cell lysates using a spectrophotometer
Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in superoxide dismutase activity
Periodo de tiempo: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Superoxide dismutase activity will be photometrically determined in red blood cell lysates using a spectrophotometer
Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in maximal voluntary isometric contraction
Periodo de tiempo: Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Maximal voluntary isometric contraction will be assessed at a 60o knee joint angle, in both dominant and non-dominant limb, using an isokinetic dynamometer
Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in maximal peak torque
Periodo de tiempo: Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Maximal concentric and eccentric peak torque at 60o/s of the knee extensors and flexors in both dominant and non-dominant limb, will be assessed on an isokinetic dynamometer
Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in jumping performance
Periodo de tiempo: Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day11
Countermovement jump and drop jump performance will be tested using an optical measurement system consisting of a transmitting and receiving bar
Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day11
Change in repeated sprint ability
Periodo de tiempo: Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Repeated sprint ability will be assessed by performing 5x25 m sprints interspersed by a 25-seconds recovery period using infrared photocells
Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)
Periodo de tiempo: Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day 11
DOMS will be assessed using a 10-scale visual analogue scale
Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day 11

Medidas de resultado secundarias

Medida de resultado
Medida Descripción
Periodo de tiempo
Change in total distance covered
Periodo de tiempo: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Total distance (km) covered during training and match play will be monitored using Global Positioning System (GPS)
Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in internal load
Periodo de tiempo: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Heart rate during training sessions and the match will be monitored using heart rate monitors
Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in dietary intake
Periodo de tiempo: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Dietary intake will be assessed using diet recalls
Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity
Periodo de tiempo: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
The time (minutes) spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity on a daily basis will be monitored using accelerometers
Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in distance covered with high-intensity running
Periodo de tiempo: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Distance (km) covered with high-intensity running during training and match play will be monitored using Global Positioning System (GPS)
Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in distance covered with sprinting
Periodo de tiempo: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Distance (km) covered with high-intensity sprinting during training and match play will be monitored using Global Positioning System (GPS)
Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in accelerations
Periodo de tiempo: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
The number of accelerations performed during training and match play will be monitored using Global Positioning System (GPS)
Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in decelerations
Periodo de tiempo: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
The number of decelerations performed during training and match play will be monitored using Global Positioning System (GPS)
Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in total step count
Periodo de tiempo: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
The total number of steps performed daily will be monitored using accelerometers
Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in physical activity-related energy expenditure
Periodo de tiempo: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Energy expenditure (kcal) related to habitual physical activity will be assessed using accelerometers
Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period

Colaboradores e Investigadores

Aquí es donde encontrará personas y organizaciones involucradas en este estudio.

Patrocinador

University of Thessaly

Colaboradores

Lesaffre International

Investigadores

  • Investigador principal: Dimitrios Draganidis, PhD, University of Thessaly, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science

Fechas de registro del estudio

Estas fechas rastrean el progreso del registro del estudio y los envíos de resultados resumidos a ClinicalTrials.gov. Los registros del estudio y los resultados informados son revisados ​​por la Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina (NLM) para asegurarse de que cumplan con los estándares de control de calidad específicos antes de publicarlos en el sitio web público.

Fechas importantes del estudio

Inicio del estudio (Estimado)

1 de septiembre de 2026

Finalización primaria (Estimado)

20 de diciembre de 2026

Finalización del estudio (Estimado)

20 de enero de 2027

Fechas de registro del estudio

Enviado por primera vez

9 de junio de 2026

Primero enviado que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad

1 de julio de 2026

Publicado por primera vez (Actual)

8 de julio de 2026

Actualizaciones de registros de estudio

Última actualización publicada (Actual)

8 de julio de 2026

Última actualización enviada que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad

1 de julio de 2026

Última verificación

1 de mayo de 2026

Más información

Términos relacionados con este estudio

Palabras clave

Otros números de identificación del estudio

  • UTH-06/13.02.2026

Plan de datos de participantes individuales (IPD)

¿Planea compartir datos de participantes individuales (IPD)?

NO

Información sobre medicamentos y dispositivos, documentos del estudio

Estudia un producto farmacéutico regulado por la FDA de EE. UU.

No

Estudia un producto de dispositivo regulado por la FDA de EE. UU.

No

Esta información se obtuvo directamente del sitio web clinicaltrials.gov sin cambios. Si tiene alguna solicitud para cambiar, eliminar o actualizar los detalles de su estudio, comuníquese con register@clinicaltrials.gov. Tan pronto como se implemente un cambio en clinicaltrials.gov, también se actualizará automáticamente en nuestro sitio web. .

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