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S-Acetyl Glutathione and Performance Recovery in Soccer

1 luglio 2026 aggiornato da: Dimitrios Draganidis, University of Thessaly

Pharmacodynamics & Pharmacokinetics Study of S-Acetyl Glutathione in Highly Trained Soccer Players

Soccer players display elevated inflammatory and oxidative stress markers combined with reduced soccer specific performance over a 72-hour period. However, in modern soccer, players participate very often in 2 or 3 matches within a week, with a recovery period of 72 hours between successive matches, that is insufficient to restore skeletal muscle homeostasis and performance. Of note, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, a tripeptide consisting of the amino acids cysteine, glycine and glutamic acid, are substantially reduced during the 72-hour recovery period after a match because of the trauma-related acute inflammatory and oxidative stress response. GSH availability is a crucial regulator of cellular redox status, affecting numerous intracellular and physiological processes such as redox signalling, immunoregulation and muscle metabolism. Indeed, enhanced GSH availability following muscle damaging exercise has been shown to be beneficial for skeletal muscle and performance recovery by mitigating the inflammatory and oxidative stress response. Thus, the enhancement of GSH availability through dietary interventions would be a promising strategy to accelerate skeletal muscle and performance recovery following a soccer game. S-Acetyl Glutathione (SAG) is a glutathione precursor with enhanced absorption kinetics due to chemical S-acetylation of the thiol group on the cysteinyl amino acid of GSH and oral administration of SAG has been shown to be more effective in restoring intracellular glutathione levels compared to oral glutathione. The aim of this study is to (i) perform a pharmacokinetic assessment of 200 mg/day vs 500 mg/day of SAG during a 7-day supplementation period (pre-loading) and (ii) to establish the pharmacodynamic effect of the two dosages at 24, 48 and 72h following a 90-minute official soccer match.

Panoramica dello studio

Stato

Non ancora reclutamento

Condizioni

Intervento / Trattamento

Descrizione dettagliata

Following baseline testing [including assessment of anthropometrics, body composition (via DXA instrumentation) and physical performance (cardiorespiratory fitness, drop jump and countermovement jump performance, repeated sprint anility, isokinetic peak torque)], 20 well-trained, soccer players will participate in three trials, receiving daily (i) 200 mg SAG, (ii) 500 mg SAG or (iii) Placebo, according to a randomized, double-blind, crossover, repeated-measures design. The duration of each trial will be 11 days, including a 7-day pre-loading period (days 1 -7), a match day (day 8) and 3 consecutive recovery days after the match (days 9-11). Between trials a 3-week washout period will be implemented.

Pre-loading period: During the 7-day pre-loading period players will participate daily in training sessions according to a soccer-specific weekly training schedule, while receiving the respective supplement. Blood samples will be collected on day 1 and day 7 while daily nutrient intake (via 7-day diet recalls), physical activity level (via accelerometry) and training load (via global positioning system instrumentation during training sessions) will be monitored daily.

Match day: On match day, players will participate in an official 90-min soccer match. Field activity (total distance, average and maximum speed, high intensity running, high speed running, accelerations, decelerations) and heart rate (mean and maximum heart rate) will be continuously monitored using global positioning system (GPS) and heart rate monitors, respectively.

Recovery days: During the 3-day recovery period after the match, players will participate daily in (i) morning testing sessions and (ii) training sessions in the evening. Testing sessions will include blood sampling and performance measurements including drop jump and countermovement jump performance, repeated sprint anility, isokinetic peak torque and muscle soreness (DOMS). Dietary intake (via a 3-day diet recalls), physical activity level (via accelerometry) and training load (via GPS instrumentation during training sessions) will be monitored daily.

Tipo di studio

Interventistico

Iscrizione (Stimato)

20

Fase

  • Non applicabile

Contatti e Sedi

Questa sezione fornisce i recapiti di coloro che conducono lo studio e informazioni su dove viene condotto lo studio.

Contatto studio

  • Nome: Dimitrios Draganidis, PhD
  • Numero di telefono: +30 2431047078
  • Email: ddraganidis@uth.gr

Backup dei contatti dello studio

Luoghi di studio

  • Grecia
    • Karies
      • Trikala, Karies, Grecia, 42100
        • Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly
        • Contatto:
          • Ioannis G Fatouros, PhD
          • Numero di telefono: +30 2431047047
          • Email: ifatouros@uth.gr
        • Contatto:
          • Athanasios Z Jamurtas, PhD
          • Numero di telefono: +30 24310 47054
          • Email: ajamurt@uth.gr

Criteri di partecipazione

I ricercatori cercano persone che corrispondano a una certa descrizione, chiamata criteri di ammissibilità. Alcuni esempi di questi criteri sono le condizioni generali di salute di una persona o trattamenti precedenti.

Criteri di ammissibilità

Età idonea allo studio

  • Adulto

Accetta volontari sani

Sì

Descrizione

Inclusion Criteria:

  • participation at elite (top three division leagues) for ≥ 4 years
  • no recent history of febrile illness, musculoskeletal problems and metabolic diseases
  • no consumption of medications and performance-enhancing supplements (including anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, vitamins and multivitamin supplements) for at least 6 months prior to the study
  • participation in at least 5 training sessions and 1 match per week
  • non-smokers

Exclusion Criteria:

  • musculoskeletal injury
  • consumption of medication and performance-enhancing supplements
  • illness during the course of the study
  • loss of follow-up measurements

Piano di studio

Questa sezione fornisce i dettagli del piano di studio, compreso il modo in cui lo studio è progettato e ciò che lo studio sta misurando.

Come è strutturato lo studio?

Dettagli di progettazione

  • Scopo principale: Altro
  • Assegnazione: Randomizzato
  • Modello interventistico: Assegnazione incrociata
  • Mascheramento: Triplicare

Armi e interventi

Gruppo di partecipanti / Arm
Intervento / Trattamento
Sperimentale: SAG-200 Trial
Oral administration of S-Acetyl Glutathione (SAG)
Integratore alimentare: 200 mg S-Acetyl Glutathione
Participants will be supplemented daily with 200 mg of S-acetyl glutathione, orally, over the 11-day experimental period.
Sperimentale: SAG-500 Trial
Oral administration of S-Acetyl Glutathione (SAG)
Integratore alimentare: 500 mg S-Acetyl Glutathione
Participants will be supplemented daily with 500 mg of S-acetyl glutathione, orally, over the 11-day experimental period.
Comparatore placebo: Placebo Trial
Oral administration of placebo
Integratore alimentare: Placebo Supplementation
Participants will be supplemented daily with placebo, orally, over the 11-day experimental period.

Cosa sta misurando lo studio?

Misure di risultato primarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Change in creatine kinase levels
Lasso di tempo: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Creatine kinase concentration will be measured in serum using a Clinical Chemistry Analyzer
Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in myoglobin levels
Lasso di tempo: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Myoglobin concentration will be measured in serum using a Clinical Chemistry Analyzer
Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in reduced glutathione
Lasso di tempo: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Reduced glutathione will be photometrically determined in red blood cell lysates using a spectrophotometer
Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in oxidized glutathione
Lasso di tempo: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Oxidized glutathione will be photometrically determined in red blood cell lysates using a spectrophotometer
Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in glutathione reductase activity
Lasso di tempo: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Glutathione reductase activity will be photometrically determined in red blood cell lysates using a spectrophotometer
Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in glutathione peroxidase activity
Lasso di tempo: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11.
Glutathione peroxidase activity will be photometrically determined in red blood cell lysates using a spectrophotometer
Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11.
Change in catalase activity
Lasso di tempo: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Catalase activity will be photometrically determined in red blood cell lysates using a spectrophotometer
Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in superoxide dismutase activity
Lasso di tempo: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Superoxide dismutase activity will be photometrically determined in red blood cell lysates using a spectrophotometer
Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in maximal voluntary isometric contraction
Lasso di tempo: Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Maximal voluntary isometric contraction will be assessed at a 60o knee joint angle, in both dominant and non-dominant limb, using an isokinetic dynamometer
Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in maximal peak torque
Lasso di tempo: Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Maximal concentric and eccentric peak torque at 60o/s of the knee extensors and flexors in both dominant and non-dominant limb, will be assessed on an isokinetic dynamometer
Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in jumping performance
Lasso di tempo: Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day11
Countermovement jump and drop jump performance will be tested using an optical measurement system consisting of a transmitting and receiving bar
Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day11
Change in repeated sprint ability
Lasso di tempo: Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Repeated sprint ability will be assessed by performing 5x25 m sprints interspersed by a 25-seconds recovery period using infrared photocells
Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)
Lasso di tempo: Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day 11
DOMS will be assessed using a 10-scale visual analogue scale
Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day 11

Misure di risultato secondarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Change in total distance covered
Lasso di tempo: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Total distance (km) covered during training and match play will be monitored using Global Positioning System (GPS)
Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in internal load
Lasso di tempo: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Heart rate during training sessions and the match will be monitored using heart rate monitors
Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in dietary intake
Lasso di tempo: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Dietary intake will be assessed using diet recalls
Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity
Lasso di tempo: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
The time (minutes) spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity on a daily basis will be monitored using accelerometers
Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in distance covered with high-intensity running
Lasso di tempo: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Distance (km) covered with high-intensity running during training and match play will be monitored using Global Positioning System (GPS)
Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in distance covered with sprinting
Lasso di tempo: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Distance (km) covered with high-intensity sprinting during training and match play will be monitored using Global Positioning System (GPS)
Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in accelerations
Lasso di tempo: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
The number of accelerations performed during training and match play will be monitored using Global Positioning System (GPS)
Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in decelerations
Lasso di tempo: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
The number of decelerations performed during training and match play will be monitored using Global Positioning System (GPS)
Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in total step count
Lasso di tempo: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
The total number of steps performed daily will be monitored using accelerometers
Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in physical activity-related energy expenditure
Lasso di tempo: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Energy expenditure (kcal) related to habitual physical activity will be assessed using accelerometers
Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period

Collaboratori e investigatori

Qui è dove troverai le persone e le organizzazioni coinvolte in questo studio.

Sponsor

University of Thessaly

Collaboratori

Lesaffre International

Investigatori

  • Investigatore principale: Dimitrios Draganidis, PhD, University of Thessaly, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science

Studiare le date dei record

Queste date tengono traccia dell'avanzamento della registrazione dello studio e dell'invio dei risultati di sintesi a ClinicalTrials.gov. I record degli studi e i risultati riportati vengono esaminati dalla National Library of Medicine (NLM) per assicurarsi che soddisfino specifici standard di controllo della qualità prima di essere pubblicati sul sito Web pubblico.

Studia le date principali

Inizio studio (Stimato)

1 settembre 2026

Completamento primario (Stimato)

20 dicembre 2026

Completamento dello studio (Stimato)

20 gennaio 2027

Date di iscrizione allo studio

Primo inviato

9 giugno 2026

Primo inviato che soddisfa i criteri di controllo qualità

1 luglio 2026

Primo Inserito (Effettivo)

8 luglio 2026

Aggiornamenti dei record di studio

Ultimo aggiornamento pubblicato (Effettivo)

8 luglio 2026

Ultimo aggiornamento inviato che soddisfa i criteri QC

1 luglio 2026

Ultimo verificato

1 maggio 2026

Maggiori informazioni

Termini relativi a questo studio

Parole chiave

Altri numeri di identificazione dello studio

  • UTH-06/13.02.2026

Piano per i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)

Hai intenzione di condividere i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)?

NO

Informazioni su farmaci e dispositivi, documenti di studio

Studia un prodotto farmaceutico regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Studia un dispositivo regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Queste informazioni sono state recuperate direttamente dal sito web clinicaltrials.gov senza alcuna modifica. In caso di richieste di modifica, rimozione o aggiornamento dei dettagli dello studio, contattare register@clinicaltrials.gov. Non appena verrà implementata una modifica su clinicaltrials.gov, questa verrà aggiornata automaticamente anche sul nostro sito web .

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