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S-Acetyl Glutathione and Performance Recovery in Soccer

1 de julho de 2026 atualizado por: Dimitrios Draganidis, University of Thessaly

Pharmacodynamics & Pharmacokinetics Study of S-Acetyl Glutathione in Highly Trained Soccer Players

Soccer players display elevated inflammatory and oxidative stress markers combined with reduced soccer specific performance over a 72-hour period. However, in modern soccer, players participate very often in 2 or 3 matches within a week, with a recovery period of 72 hours between successive matches, that is insufficient to restore skeletal muscle homeostasis and performance. Of note, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, a tripeptide consisting of the amino acids cysteine, glycine and glutamic acid, are substantially reduced during the 72-hour recovery period after a match because of the trauma-related acute inflammatory and oxidative stress response. GSH availability is a crucial regulator of cellular redox status, affecting numerous intracellular and physiological processes such as redox signalling, immunoregulation and muscle metabolism. Indeed, enhanced GSH availability following muscle damaging exercise has been shown to be beneficial for skeletal muscle and performance recovery by mitigating the inflammatory and oxidative stress response. Thus, the enhancement of GSH availability through dietary interventions would be a promising strategy to accelerate skeletal muscle and performance recovery following a soccer game. S-Acetyl Glutathione (SAG) is a glutathione precursor with enhanced absorption kinetics due to chemical S-acetylation of the thiol group on the cysteinyl amino acid of GSH and oral administration of SAG has been shown to be more effective in restoring intracellular glutathione levels compared to oral glutathione. The aim of this study is to (i) perform a pharmacokinetic assessment of 200 mg/day vs 500 mg/day of SAG during a 7-day supplementation period (pre-loading) and (ii) to establish the pharmacodynamic effect of the two dosages at 24, 48 and 72h following a 90-minute official soccer match.

Visão geral do estudo

Status

Ainda não está recrutando

Condições

Intervenção / Tratamento

Descrição detalhada

Following baseline testing [including assessment of anthropometrics, body composition (via DXA instrumentation) and physical performance (cardiorespiratory fitness, drop jump and countermovement jump performance, repeated sprint anility, isokinetic peak torque)], 20 well-trained, soccer players will participate in three trials, receiving daily (i) 200 mg SAG, (ii) 500 mg SAG or (iii) Placebo, according to a randomized, double-blind, crossover, repeated-measures design. The duration of each trial will be 11 days, including a 7-day pre-loading period (days 1 -7), a match day (day 8) and 3 consecutive recovery days after the match (days 9-11). Between trials a 3-week washout period will be implemented.

Pre-loading period: During the 7-day pre-loading period players will participate daily in training sessions according to a soccer-specific weekly training schedule, while receiving the respective supplement. Blood samples will be collected on day 1 and day 7 while daily nutrient intake (via 7-day diet recalls), physical activity level (via accelerometry) and training load (via global positioning system instrumentation during training sessions) will be monitored daily.

Match day: On match day, players will participate in an official 90-min soccer match. Field activity (total distance, average and maximum speed, high intensity running, high speed running, accelerations, decelerations) and heart rate (mean and maximum heart rate) will be continuously monitored using global positioning system (GPS) and heart rate monitors, respectively.

Recovery days: During the 3-day recovery period after the match, players will participate daily in (i) morning testing sessions and (ii) training sessions in the evening. Testing sessions will include blood sampling and performance measurements including drop jump and countermovement jump performance, repeated sprint anility, isokinetic peak torque and muscle soreness (DOMS). Dietary intake (via a 3-day diet recalls), physical activity level (via accelerometry) and training load (via GPS instrumentation during training sessions) will be monitored daily.

Tipo de estudo

Intervencional

Inscrição (Estimado)

20

Estágio

  • Não aplicável

Contactos e Locais

Esta seção fornece os detalhes de contato para aqueles que conduzem o estudo e informações sobre onde este estudo está sendo realizado.

Contato de estudo

  • Nome: Dimitrios Draganidis, PhD
  • Número de telefone: +30 2431047078
  • E-mail: ddraganidis@uth.gr

Estude backup de contato

  • Nome: Athanasios Poulios, PhD
  • Número de telefone: +30 2431047053
  • E-mail: athanpoul@gmail.com

Locais de estudo

  • Grécia
    • Karies
      • Trikala, Karies, Grécia, 42100
        • Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly
        • Contato:
          • Ioannis G Fatouros, PhD
          • Número de telefone: +30 2431047047
          • E-mail: ifatouros@uth.gr
        • Contato:
          • Athanasios Z Jamurtas, PhD
          • Número de telefone: +30 24310 47054
          • E-mail: ajamurt@uth.gr

Critérios de participação

Os pesquisadores procuram pessoas que se encaixem em uma determinada descrição, chamada de critérios de elegibilidade. Alguns exemplos desses critérios são a condição geral de saúde de uma pessoa ou tratamentos anteriores.

Critérios de elegibilidade

Idades elegíveis para estudo

  • Adulto

Aceita Voluntários Saudáveis

Sim

Descrição

Inclusion Criteria:

  • participation at elite (top three division leagues) for ≥ 4 years
  • no recent history of febrile illness, musculoskeletal problems and metabolic diseases
  • no consumption of medications and performance-enhancing supplements (including anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, vitamins and multivitamin supplements) for at least 6 months prior to the study
  • participation in at least 5 training sessions and 1 match per week
  • non-smokers

Exclusion Criteria:

  • musculoskeletal injury
  • consumption of medication and performance-enhancing supplements
  • illness during the course of the study
  • loss of follow-up measurements

Plano de estudo

Esta seção fornece detalhes do plano de estudo, incluindo como o estudo é projetado e o que o estudo está medindo.

Como o estudo é projetado?

Detalhes do projeto

  • Finalidade Principal: Outro
  • Alocação: Randomizado
  • Modelo Intervencional: Atribuição cruzada
  • Mascaramento: Triplo

Armas e Intervenções

Grupo de Participantes / Braço
Intervenção / Tratamento
Experimental: SAG-200 Trial
Oral administration of S-Acetyl Glutathione (SAG)
Suplemento dietético: 200 mg S-Acetyl Glutathione
Participants will be supplemented daily with 200 mg of S-acetyl glutathione, orally, over the 11-day experimental period.
Experimental: SAG-500 Trial
Oral administration of S-Acetyl Glutathione (SAG)
Suplemento dietético: 500 mg S-Acetyl Glutathione
Participants will be supplemented daily with 500 mg of S-acetyl glutathione, orally, over the 11-day experimental period.
Comparador de Placebo: Placebo Trial
Oral administration of placebo
Suplemento dietético: Placebo Supplementation
Participants will be supplemented daily with placebo, orally, over the 11-day experimental period.

O que o estudo está medindo?

Medidas de resultados primários

Medida de resultado
Descrição da medida
Prazo
Change in creatine kinase levels
Prazo: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Creatine kinase concentration will be measured in serum using a Clinical Chemistry Analyzer
Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in myoglobin levels
Prazo: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Myoglobin concentration will be measured in serum using a Clinical Chemistry Analyzer
Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in reduced glutathione
Prazo: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Reduced glutathione will be photometrically determined in red blood cell lysates using a spectrophotometer
Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in oxidized glutathione
Prazo: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Oxidized glutathione will be photometrically determined in red blood cell lysates using a spectrophotometer
Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in glutathione reductase activity
Prazo: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Glutathione reductase activity will be photometrically determined in red blood cell lysates using a spectrophotometer
Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in glutathione peroxidase activity
Prazo: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11.
Glutathione peroxidase activity will be photometrically determined in red blood cell lysates using a spectrophotometer
Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11.
Change in catalase activity
Prazo: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Catalase activity will be photometrically determined in red blood cell lysates using a spectrophotometer
Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in superoxide dismutase activity
Prazo: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Superoxide dismutase activity will be photometrically determined in red blood cell lysates using a spectrophotometer
Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in maximal voluntary isometric contraction
Prazo: Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Maximal voluntary isometric contraction will be assessed at a 60o knee joint angle, in both dominant and non-dominant limb, using an isokinetic dynamometer
Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in maximal peak torque
Prazo: Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Maximal concentric and eccentric peak torque at 60o/s of the knee extensors and flexors in both dominant and non-dominant limb, will be assessed on an isokinetic dynamometer
Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in jumping performance
Prazo: Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day11
Countermovement jump and drop jump performance will be tested using an optical measurement system consisting of a transmitting and receiving bar
Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day11
Change in repeated sprint ability
Prazo: Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Repeated sprint ability will be assessed by performing 5x25 m sprints interspersed by a 25-seconds recovery period using infrared photocells
Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)
Prazo: Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day 11
DOMS will be assessed using a 10-scale visual analogue scale
Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day 11

Medidas de resultados secundários

Medida de resultado
Descrição da medida
Prazo
Change in total distance covered
Prazo: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Total distance (km) covered during training and match play will be monitored using Global Positioning System (GPS)
Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in internal load
Prazo: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Heart rate during training sessions and the match will be monitored using heart rate monitors
Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in dietary intake
Prazo: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Dietary intake will be assessed using diet recalls
Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity
Prazo: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
The time (minutes) spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity on a daily basis will be monitored using accelerometers
Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in distance covered with high-intensity running
Prazo: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Distance (km) covered with high-intensity running during training and match play will be monitored using Global Positioning System (GPS)
Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in distance covered with sprinting
Prazo: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Distance (km) covered with high-intensity sprinting during training and match play will be monitored using Global Positioning System (GPS)
Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in accelerations
Prazo: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
The number of accelerations performed during training and match play will be monitored using Global Positioning System (GPS)
Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in decelerations
Prazo: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
The number of decelerations performed during training and match play will be monitored using Global Positioning System (GPS)
Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in total step count
Prazo: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
The total number of steps performed daily will be monitored using accelerometers
Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in physical activity-related energy expenditure
Prazo: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Energy expenditure (kcal) related to habitual physical activity will be assessed using accelerometers
Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period

Colaboradores e Investigadores

É aqui que você encontrará pessoas e organizações envolvidas com este estudo.

Patrocinador

University of Thessaly

Colaboradores

Lesaffre International

Investigadores

  • Investigador principal: Dimitrios Draganidis, PhD, University of Thessaly, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science

Datas de registro do estudo

Essas datas acompanham o progresso do registro do estudo e os envios de resumo dos resultados para ClinicalTrials.gov. Os registros do estudo e os resultados relatados são revisados ​​pela National Library of Medicine (NLM) para garantir que atendam aos padrões específicos de controle de qualidade antes de serem publicados no site público.

Datas Principais do Estudo

Início do estudo (Estimado)

1 de setembro de 2026

Conclusão Primária (Estimado)

20 de dezembro de 2026

Conclusão do estudo (Estimado)

20 de janeiro de 2027

Datas de inscrição no estudo

Enviado pela primeira vez

9 de junho de 2026

Enviado pela primeira vez que atendeu aos critérios de CQ

1 de julho de 2026

Primeira postagem (Real)

8 de julho de 2026

Atualizações de registro de estudo

Última Atualização Postada (Real)

8 de julho de 2026

Última atualização enviada que atendeu aos critérios de controle de qualidade

1 de julho de 2026

Última verificação

1 de maio de 2026

Mais Informações

Termos relacionados a este estudo

Palavras-chave

Outros números de identificação do estudo

  • UTH-06/13.02.2026

Plano para dados de participantes individuais (IPD)

Planeja compartilhar dados de participantes individuais (IPD)?

NÃO

Informações sobre medicamentos e dispositivos, documentos de estudo

Estuda um medicamento regulamentado pela FDA dos EUA

Não

Estuda um produto de dispositivo regulamentado pela FDA dos EUA

Não

Essas informações foram obtidas diretamente do site clinicaltrials.gov sem nenhuma alteração. Se você tiver alguma solicitação para alterar, remover ou atualizar os detalhes do seu estudo, entre em contato com register@clinicaltrials.gov. Assim que uma alteração for implementada em clinicaltrials.gov, ela também será atualizada automaticamente em nosso site .

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