Intra-operative nasal compression after lateral osteotomy to minimize post-operative Peri-orbital ecchymosis and edema

L Sowerby, L M Kim, W Chow, C Moore, L Sowerby, L M Kim, W Chow, C Moore

Abstract

Introduction: Post-operative periorbital ecchymosis and edema following rhinoplasty is a well-known sequela of surgery. Unfortunately, this can be a source of distress for patients, resulting in a longer post-operative recovery time and a delayed return to work. Trauma caused by lateral osteotomies is likely the most significant cause of periorbital edema and ecchymosis in rhinoplasty. There have been various strategies proposed to minimize swelling and ecchymosis with varying success rates and accompanied risks. Intraoperative nasal compression is one potential strategy that may reduce post-operative edema and ecchymosis with minimal risk.

Objective: To determine whether applying direct lateral nasal pressure intraoperatively immediately after performing lateral osteotomies reduces visible post-operative edema and ecchymosis.

Methods: A prospective, randomized blinded study on consecutive patients undergoing rhinoplasty with lateral osteotomies was conducted in a single academic tertiary care medical center. Each of the participants were randomized into direct pressure application post-lateral osteotomies on the right or the left hand side. Intra-operatively, direct lateral nasal pressure was performed on the pre-determined side for 5 min timed by stopwatch after osteotomy. Post-operatively, standard photographs were taken of the patient on post-operative days 1, 3, and 7. These photographs were then shown to 20 blinded-physicians and the degree of ecchymosis and edema was graded using a previously published scale.

Results: A total of 16 patients were included in this study. Based on our blinded-grading, 11 of the 16 patients had a clear global improvement in the degree of peri-orbital post-operative edema and ecchymosis with compression post lateral osteotomies. Based on the 3 blinded expert reviewers, Periorbital ecchymosis was significantly decreased on the ipsilateral side of pressure application in 10 of the 16 patients, and periorbital edema was significantly decreased in 13 of the 16 patients. The differential degree in periorbital ecchymosis was most pronounced on post-operative day 7. Patient factors such as gender, age, skin color, history of nasal trauma, side of pre-operative nasal deviation, and smoking status did not have a significant influence on the effect of pressure application post lateral osteotomies.

Conclusions: Application of direct continual lateral nasal pressure intraoperatively after performing lateral osteotomies can help reduce post-operative edema and ecchymosis up to post-operative day 7. This may lead to an overall improved appearance and subsequently an improved post-operative experience for the patient. Although the effect may be variable to some degree, this is an intervention with no additional risks involved and thus can be used in a safe manner.

Keywords: Bruising; Compression; Lateral osteotomy; Post-operative edema; Post-operative peri-orbital ecchymosis; Rhinoplasty.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Example of a standard photograph which was taken on post-operative days 1, 3, 5, and 7. The series of photographs were shown to blinded reviewers for assessment of post-operative periorbital ecchymosis and edema. Example above was taken on post-operative day 1 and the expert ratings for ecchymosis had been 1 and 4 for the right and left hand side respectively

References

    1. Taskin U, Yigit O, Bilici S, Kuvat SV, Sisman AS, Celebi S. Efficacy of the combination of intraoperative cold saline-soaked gauze compression and corticosteroids on rhinoplasty morbidity. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011;144(5):698–702. doi: 10.1177/0194599811400377.
    1. Tuncel U, Turan A, Bayraktar MA, Erkorkmaz U, Kostakoglu N. Efficacy of dexamethasone with controlled hypotension on intraoperative bleeding, postoperative oedema and ecchymosis in rhinoplasty. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2013;41(2):124–128. doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2012.06.003.
    1. Totonchi A, Guyuron B. A randomized, controlled comparison between arnica and steroids in the management of postrhinoplasty ecchymosis and edema. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007;120(1):271–274. doi: 10.1097/.
    1. Hatef DA, Ellsworth WA, Allen JN, Bullocks JM, Hollier LH, Stal S. Perioperative steroids for minimizing edema and ecchymosis after rhinoplasty: a meta-analysis. Aesthet Surg J. 2011;31(6):648–657. doi: 10.1177/1090820X11416110.
    1. Gun R, Yorgancilar E, Yildirim M, Bakir S, Topcu I, Akkus Z. Effects of lidocaine and adrenaline combination on postoperative edema and ecchymosis in rhinoplasty. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011;40(7):722–729. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2011.02.022.
    1. Prospective A. Efficacy of Fibrin Sealant (Human) (Evicel) in Rhinoplasty. 2014;10(5):339-344.
    1. Kosucu M, Omür S, Besir A, Uraloglu M, Topbas M, Livaoglu M. Effects of perioperative remifentanil with controlled hypotension on intraoperative bleeding and postoperative edema and ecchymosis in open rhinoplasty. J Craniofac Surg. 2014;25(2):471–475. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000000603.
    1. Al-Arfaj A, Al-Qattan M, Al-Harethy S, Al-Zahrani K. Effect of periosteum elevation on periorbital ecchymosis in rhinoplasty. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2009;62(11):e538–e539. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2008.05.047.
    1. Kara CO, Kara IG, Topuz B. Does creating a subperiosteal tunnel influence the periorbital edema and ecchymosis in rhinoplasty? J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2005;63(8):1088–1090. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2005.04.008.

Source: PubMed

Sponsorit ja yhteistyökumppanit

Sairaudet

Huumeiden interventiot

3
Tilaa