Passive Microwave Radiometry for the Diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Lung Complications in Kyrgyzstan

Batyr Osmonov, Lev Ovchinnikov, Christopher Galazis, Berik Emilov, Mustafa Karaibragimov, Meder Seitov, Sergey Vesnin, Alexander Losev, Vladislav Levshinskii, Illarion Popov, Chingiz Mustafin, Turat Kasymbekov, Igor Goryanin, Batyr Osmonov, Lev Ovchinnikov, Christopher Galazis, Berik Emilov, Mustafa Karaibragimov, Meder Seitov, Sergey Vesnin, Alexander Losev, Vladislav Levshinskii, Illarion Popov, Chingiz Mustafin, Turat Kasymbekov, Igor Goryanin

Abstract

The global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), could be due to limited access to diagnostic tests and equipment. Currently, most diagnoses use the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and chest computed tomography (CT). However, challenges exist with CT use due to infection control, lack of CT availability in low- and middle-income countries, and low RT-PCR sensitivity. Passive microwave radiometry (MWR), a cheap, non-radioactive, and portable technology, has been used for cancer and other diseases' diagnoses. Here, we tested MWR use first time for the early diagnosis of pulmonary COVID-19 complications in a cross-sectional controlled trial in order to evaluate MWR use in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and healthy individuals. We measured the skin and internal temperature using 30 points identified on the body, for both lungs. Pneumonia and lung damage were diagnosed by both CT scan and doctors' diagnoses (pneumonia+/pneumonia-). COVID-19 was determined by RT-PCR (covid+/covid-). The best MWR results were obtained for the pneumonia-/covid- and pneumonia+/covid+ groups. The study suggests that MWR could be used for diagnosing pneumonia in COVID-19 patients. Since MWR is inexpensive, its use will ease the financial burden for both patients and countries. Clinical Trial Number: NCT04568525.

Keywords: COVID-19; CT; RT-PCR; infrared radiometry (IR); passive microwave radiometry (MWR).

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. Sergey Vesnin is the General Director of the RES LTD company, the producer of the MWR2020 (RTM-01-RES) device. Lev Ovchinnikov is affiliated with “Medical Microwave Radiometry LTD, UK”.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
MWR2020 (former RTM-01-RES).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Box plot distribution of the clinical parameters. SpO2 is blood oxygen saturation, Aux is auxiliary (armpit) temperature, Dmg is overall ercentage of lung damage assesment based on CT scan.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Measurement points.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Measurement points.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The measurement scheme in the software “RTM-Diagnosis”.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Typical microwave image of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the left and right lungs. Large internal temperature difference is shown in blue (low temperature, due to fibrosis) and red (high temperature, due to inflammation).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Typical microwave image of the healthy lungs showing no blue or red areas.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Typical microwave image of non-COVID-19 pneumonia showing red (inflammation area only in the left lung) and no blue areas (due to fibrosis in both lungs).

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