Design of the ZWOT-CASE study: an observational study on the effectiveness of an integrated programme for cardiovascular risk management compared to usual care in general practice

Suzanne Marchal, Monika Hollander, Marieke Schoenmakers, Michiel Schouwink, Jorik R Timmer, Henk J G Bilo, Olof Schwantje, Arnoud W J van 't Hof, Arno W Hoes, Suzanne Marchal, Monika Hollander, Marieke Schoenmakers, Michiel Schouwink, Jorik R Timmer, Henk J G Bilo, Olof Schwantje, Arnoud W J van 't Hof, Arno W Hoes

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) contribute considerably to mortality and morbidity. Prevention of CVD by lifestyle change and medication is important and needs full attention. In the Netherlands an integrated programme for cardiovascular risk management (CVRM), based on the Chronic Care Model (CCM), has been introduced in primary care in many regions in recent years, but its effects are unknown. In the ZWOT-CASE study we will assess the effect of integrated care for CVRM in the region of Zwolle on two major cardiovascular risk factors: systolic blood pressure (SBP) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol) in patients with or at high risk of CVD.

Methods: This study is a pragmatic observational study comparing integrated care for CVRM with usual care among patients aged 40-80 years with CVD (n = 370) or with a high CVD risk (n = 370) within 26 general practices. After 1 yr follow-up, primary outcomes (SBP and LDL-cholesterol level) are measured. Secondary outcomes include lifestyle habits (smoking, dietary habits, alcohol use, physical activity), risk factor awareness, 10-year risk of cardiovascular morbidity or mortality, health care consumption, patient satisfaction and quality of life.

Conclusion: The ZWOT-CASE study will provide insight in the effects of integrated care for CVRM in general practice in patients with CVD or at high CVD risk.

Trial registration: The ZWOlle Transmural Integrated Care for CArdiovaScular Risk Management Study; ClinicalTrials.gov ; Identifier: NCT03428061; date of registration: 09-02-2018; This study has been retrospectively registered.

Keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Integrated care/ disease management programme; Prevention; Primary care.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Schedule of enrolment, interventions, and assessments. *These baseline variables are collected retrospectively after one year of follow-up

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