Fat-free mass at admission predicts 28-day mortality in intensive care unit patients: the international prospective observational study Phase Angle Project

Ronan Thibault, Anne-Marie Makhlouf, Aurélien Mulliez, M Cristina Gonzalez, Gintautas Kekstas, Nada Rotovnik Kozjek, Jean-Charles Preiser, Isabel Ceniceros Rozalen, Sylvain Dadet, Zeljko Krznaric, Kinga Kupczyk, Fabienne Tamion, Noël Cano, Claude Pichard, Phase Angle Project Investigators, Séverine Graf, ClaudiaP Heidegger, Marcio Guerreiro, Silvana Orlandi, Andrius Klimasauskas, Gintare Sostakaite, Kristina Gorjup, Katja Kogovšek, KatjaKopriva Pirtovšek, Michelle Norrenberg, Karen Rizkallah, François Wéry, AliAit Hssain, Bruno Pereira, Bertrand Souweine, Steven Grange, Antoine Marchalot, Pauline Bernier-Enguerrand, Marlena Jakubczyk, Aleksandra Różowicz, Stanisław Kłęk, Ana Kunovic, Ronan Thibault, Anne-Marie Makhlouf, Aurélien Mulliez, M Cristina Gonzalez, Gintautas Kekstas, Nada Rotovnik Kozjek, Jean-Charles Preiser, Isabel Ceniceros Rozalen, Sylvain Dadet, Zeljko Krznaric, Kinga Kupczyk, Fabienne Tamion, Noël Cano, Claude Pichard, Phase Angle Project Investigators, Séverine Graf, ClaudiaP Heidegger, Marcio Guerreiro, Silvana Orlandi, Andrius Klimasauskas, Gintare Sostakaite, Kristina Gorjup, Katja Kogovšek, KatjaKopriva Pirtovšek, Michelle Norrenberg, Karen Rizkallah, François Wéry, AliAit Hssain, Bruno Pereira, Bertrand Souweine, Steven Grange, Antoine Marchalot, Pauline Bernier-Enguerrand, Marlena Jakubczyk, Aleksandra Różowicz, Stanisław Kłęk, Ana Kunovic

Abstract

Purpose: Phase angle as measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis reflects fat-free mass. Fat-free mass loss relates to worse prognosis in chronic diseases. Primary aim of this study was: to determine the association between fat-free mass at intensive care unit admission and 28-day mortality.

Methods: Ten centres in nine countries participated in this multicentre prospective observational study. The inclusion criteria were age >18 years; expected length of stay >48 h; absence of pacemaker, heart defibrillator implant, pregnancy and lactation. Fat-free mass was assessed by measurement of the 50-kHz phase angle at admission. The primary endpoint was 28-day mortality. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to assess prediction of 28-day mortality by fat-free mass at ICU admission. The variables associated with 28-day mortality were analysed by means of multivariable logistic regression.

Results: Of the 3605 patients screened, 931 were analysed: age 61 ± 16 years, male 60 %, APACHE II 19 ± 9, body mass index 26 ± 6, day 1 phase angle 4.5° ± 1.9°. Day 1 phase angle was lower in patients who eventually died than in survivors (4.1° ± 2.0° vs. 4.6° ± 1.8°, P = 0.001). The day 1 phase angle AUC for 28-day mortality was 0.63 [0.58-0.67]. In multivariable analysis, the following were independently associated with 28-day mortality: age (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.014 [95 % confidence interval 1.002-1.027], P = 0.03), day 1 phase angle (aOR 0.86 [0.78-0.96], P = 0.008), APACHE II (aOR 1.08 [1.06-1.11], P < 0.001), surgical patient (aOR 0.51 [0.33-0.79], P = 0.002), and admission for other diagnosis (aOR 0.39 [0.21-0.72], P = 0.003). A multivariable combined score improved the predictability of 28-day mortality: AUC = 0.79 [0.75-0.82].

Conclusion: Low fat-free mass at ICU admission is associated with 28-day mortality. A combined score improves mortality predictability.

Trial registration: NCT01907347 ( http://www.clinicaltrials.gov ).

Keywords: Bioelectrical impedance analysis; Body composition; Critical care outcomes; Critical illness; Severity of illness index.

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