Prognostic Implications of a Second Peak of High-Sensitivity Troponin T After Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

Background: After an acute myocardial infarction (MI), repeated measurement of cardiac biomarkers is commonly performed, although not recommended in current guidelines. There is only limited data on the kinetics of troponin in this phase. For high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT), but not high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI), late increases in terms of a second peak have been described. Their impact on the prognosis of patients with MI remains unclear.

Methods: We included 2,305 patients presenting to the emergency department with symptoms suggestive of MI. Five hundred and seven were diagnosed with MI. Hs-cTnT, creatine kinase (CK) and the MB fraction of CK (CK-MB) were measured at admission, after 1 and 3 h and thereafter as indicated by the treating physician. A mixed-model approach was applied for modeling the biomarker kinetics. All patients were followed up to assess a composite endpoint of mortality, recurrent MI, revascularization and rehospitalization and to investigate the effect of a second hs-cTnT peak on prognosis.

Results: Out of 507 patients with MI, 192 had a sufficient amount of hs-cTnT measurements after the index MI. In 111 (57.8%) patients a second hs-cTnT peak was found after 4.48 days. For CK and CK-MB a second peak could not be identified. Regarding the composite endpoint there was no significant difference between patients with and without a second hs-cTnT peak.

Conclusion: In our analyses, a second peak of hs-cTnT after an acute MI was common, but not associated with poorer outcome. Thus, the clinical value of hs-cTnT for monitoring myocardial ischemia might be limited in this phase and other biomarkers might be more suitable.Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02355457, Date of registration: February 4, 2015.

Keywords: acute coronary syndrome; biomarker; kinetics; myocardial infarction; second peak; troponin.

Conflict of interest statement

SB has received honoraria from Abbott Diagnostics, Siemens, Thermo Fisher, and Roche Diagnostics and is a consultant for Thermo Fisher; DW reports personal fees from Bayer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Berlin Chemie, Astra Zeneca, Biotronik and Novartis. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Copyright © 2022 Hartikainen, Goßling, Sörensen, Lehmacher, Neumann, Blankenberg and Westermann.

Figures

Figure 1

(A) Kinetics of hs-cTnT during the first 10 days after myocardial infarction presented using mixed-model statistics. A second hs-cTnT peak can be detected after 4.48 days after the index event. (B) Kaplan-Meier curve for the combined endpoint of all-cause mortality, rehospitalization, MI or PCI for patients with and without a second hs-cTnT peak.