3D Printing of Octacalcium Phosphate Bone Substitutes

Vladimir S Komlev, Vladimir K Popov, Anton V Mironov, Alexander Yu Fedotov, Anastasia Yu Teterina, Igor V Smirnov, Ilya Y Bozo, Vera A Rybko, Roman V Deev, Vladimir S Komlev, Vladimir K Popov, Anton V Mironov, Alexander Yu Fedotov, Anastasia Yu Teterina, Igor V Smirnov, Ilya Y Bozo, Vera A Rybko, Roman V Deev

Abstract

Biocompatible calcium phosphate ceramic grafts are able of supporting new bone formation in appropriate environment. The major limitation of these materials usage for medical implants is the absence of accessible methods for their patient-specific fabrication. 3D printing methodology is an excellent approach to overcome the limitation supporting effective and fast fabrication of individual complex bone substitutes. Here, we proposed a relatively simple route for 3D printing of octacalcium phosphates (OCP) in complexly shaped structures by the combination of inkjet printing with post-treatment methodology. The printed OCP blocks were further implanted in the developed cranial bone defect followed by histological evaluation. The obtained result confirmed the potential of the developed OCP bone substitutes, which allowed 2.5-time reducing of defect's diameter at 6.5 months in a region where native bone repair is extremely inefficient.

Keywords: 3D printing; bone graft; ceramics; in vivo test; octacalcium phosphate; osteoconductivity; tricalcium phosphate.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Custom-designed 3D printer. 1, 3D printer frame; 2, printing head; 3, stuffer with spreader; 4, Z-piston; 5, building box; 6, stepper motors.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(A) XRD chart of the transformation of 3D printed TCP (1) to DCPD samples soaked in calcium nitrate solution during 168 h (2) and to OCP samples in sodium acetate during 168 h (3). SEM photomicrographs of 3D printed samples: (B1) TCP (pre-treated material), (B2) DCPD (after soaking in calcium nitrate solution at 168 h), and (B3) OCP (after soaking in sodium acetate at 168 h).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Compressive strength of 3D printed samples before and after chemical treatment.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(A) General view of 3D printed samples to be implanted. (B) Photomicrograph of the cranial defect produced. (C) 2D slices in different areas. (D) 3D CT reconstruction for 3D printed block at 6.5 months after implantation.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Histological slides of the rabbit’s calvaria bones, slice made in the coronal plane: (A) Histotopogram, including two regions of newly formed bone tissue growing toward each other; (B) the central area, where a fragment of the woven bone tissue formed on the implant surface without fibrous tissue interlayer; (C) the central area with pore in the 3D printed implant a fibrous tissue with single vascular vessels grow out through (*); (D) a fragment of the marginal part of the regenerate where newly formed bone tissue grew directly on the 3D printed block surface; (E) the marginal part of the regenerate having pronounced newly formed bone trabecule retaining the implant. 1, 3D printed block made of octacalcium phosphate; 2, newly formed bone tissue; *vascular vessel. Staining: hematoxylin and eosin, paraffin sections. Magnification: (A) ×4, (C–E) ×100, (B) ×200.

References

    1. Bergmann C., Lindner M., Zhang W., Koczur K., Kirsten A., Telle R., et al. (2010). 3D printing of bone substitute implants using calcium phosphate and bioactive glasses. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 12, 2563–2567.10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2010.04.037
    1. Bohner M. (2010). Resorbable biomaterials as bone graft substitutes. Mater. Today 13, 24–30.10.1016/S1369-7021(10)70014-6
    1. Bose S., Vahabzadeh S., Bandyopadhyay A. (2013). Bone tissue engineering using 3D printing. Mater. Today 12, 496–504.10.1016/j.mattod.2013.11.017
    1. Castilho M., Moseke C., Ewald A., Gbureck U., Groll J., Pires I., et al. (2014). Direct 3D powder printing of biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds for substitution of complex bone defects. Biofabrication 6, 015006.10.1088/1758-5082/6/1/015006
    1. Detsch R., Schaefer S., Deisinger U., Ziegler G., Seitz H., Leukers B. (2011). In vitro-osteoclastic activity studies on surfaces of 3D printed calcium phosphate scaffolds. J. Biomater. Appl. 26, 359–380.10.1177/0885328210373285
    1. Dorozhkin S. (2011). Calcium orthophosphates: occurrence, properties, biomineralization, pathological calcification and biomimetic applications. Biomatter 1, 121–164.10.4161/biom.18790
    1. Gbureck U., Hölzel T., Biermann I., Barralet J. E., Grover L. M. (2008). Preparation of tricalcium phosphate/calcium pyrophosphate structures via rapid prototyping. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 19, 1559–1563.10.1007/s10856-008-3373-x
    1. Guo D., Xu K., Han Y. (2009). The in situ synthesis of biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds with controllable compositions, structures, and adjustable properties. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 88, 43–52.10.1002/jbm.a.31844
    1. Heughebaert J. C., Zawacki S. J., Nancollas G. H. (1983). The growth of octacalcium phosphate on beta tricalcium phosphate. J. Cryst. Growth 63, 83–90.10.1016/0022-0248(83)90431-1
    1. Horowitz R. A., Mazor Z., Miller R. J., Krauser J., Prasad H. S., Rohrer M. D. (2009). Clinical evaluation alveolar ridge preservation with a beta-tricalcium phosphate socket graft. Compend. Contin. Educ. Dent. 30, 588–590.
    1. Khalyfa A., Vogt S., Weisser J., Grimm G., Rechtenbach A., Meyer W., et al. (2007). Development of a new calcium phosphate powder-binder system for the 3D printing of patient specific implants. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 18, 909–916.10.1007/s10856-006-0073-2
    1. Klammert U., Gbureck U., Vorndran E., Rödiger J., Meyer-Marcotty P. H., Kübler A. C. (2010). 3D powder printed calcium phosphate implants for reconstruction of cranial and maxillofacial defects. J. Craniomaxillofac. Sur. 8, 565–570.10.1016/j.jcms.2010.01.009
    1. Komlev V. S., Barinov S. M., Bozo I. I., Deev R. V., Eremin I. I., Fedotov A. Y., et al. (2014). Bioceramics composed of octacalcium phosphate demonstrate enhanced biological behavior. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6, 16610–16620.10.1021/am502583p
    1. Popov V. K., Komlev V. S., Chichkov B. N. (2014). Calcium phosphate blossom for bone tissue engineering. Mater. Today 2, 96–97.10.1016/j.mattod.2014.01.015
    1. Rath S. N., Strobel L. A., Arkudas A., Beier J. P., Maier A. K., Greil P., et al. (2012). Osteoinduction and survival of osteoblasts and bone-marrow stromal cells in 3D biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds under static and dynamic culture conditions. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 16, 2350–2361.10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01545.x
    1. Schumacher M., Deisinger U., Detsch R., Ziegler G. (2010). Indirect rapid prototyping of biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds as bone substitudes: influence of phase composition, macroporosity and pore geometry on mechanical properties. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 21, 3119–3127.10.1007/s10856-010-4166-6
    1. Stavropoulos A., Windisch P., Szendröi-Kiss D., Peter R., Gera I., Sculean A. (2010). Clinical and histologic evaluation of granular beta-tricalcium phosphate for the treatment of human intrabony periodontal defects: a report on five cases. J. Periodontol. 81, 325–334.10.1902/jop.2009.090386
    1. Suba Z., Takács D., Matusovits D., Barabás J., Fazekas A., Szabó G. (2006). Maxillary sinus floor grafting with β-tricalcium phosphate in humans: density and microarchitecture of the newly formed bone. Clin. Oral Implants Res. 17, 102–108.10.1111/j.1600-0501.2005.01166.x
    1. Zorin V. L., Komlev V. S., Zorina A. I., Khromova N. V., Solovieva E. V., Fedotov A. Y., et al. (2014). Octacalcium phosphate ceramics combined with gingiva-derived stromal cells for engineered functional bone grafts. Biomed. Mater. 9, 055005.10.1088/1748-6041/9/5/055005

Source: PubMed

Sponsorit ja yhteistyökumppanit

Sairaudet

Huumeiden interventiot

3
Tilaa