Interplay Between Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Lipid Profile: A Comparative Survey Between Day-Time Healthcare and Non-healthcare Female Workers

Luigi Di Lorenzo, Luigi Vimercati, Antonella Pipoli, Nicola Mariano Manghisi, Luisa Lampignano, Antonio Caputi, Luigi De Maria, Roberta Zupo, Giovanni De Pergola, Luigi Di Lorenzo, Luigi Vimercati, Antonella Pipoli, Nicola Mariano Manghisi, Luisa Lampignano, Antonio Caputi, Luigi De Maria, Roberta Zupo, Giovanni De Pergola

Abstract

Introduction: Occupational physicians, as an aspect of the periodic health surveillance of workers prescribed by law, must develop preventive programs against adverse health-related occurrences (Legislative Decree 81/2008, art.25) to reduce major risk factors for non-communicable/chronic diseases. Eating habits play an important role in defining risk trajectories in the workplace. Methods: We randomly and cross-sectionally evaluated 147 females, of which 59 were healthcare workers (HCWs) and 88 were non-HCWs. The assessment included a dietary screening for adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and a clinical baseline collection of major fluid biomarkers and anthropometric indicators for cardiovascular and metabolic risk. Results: The HCW group exhibited greater adherence to the MD than the non-HCW group. Nevertheless, they showed higher serum levels of triglycerides and total cholesterol. Menopause and type of work significantly and unfavorably affected triglyceride serum levels among HCWs. Conclusion: Greater preventive efforts are needed in the context of periodic health surveillance by occupational physicians. Disseminating additional information on a healthier lifestyle, particularly among female workers of perimenopausal age, is a key issue.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04596358.

Keywords: Mediterranean diet; blood lipid profile; health promotion; healthcare workers; occupational medicine.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Copyright © 2021 Di Lorenzo, Vimercati, Pipoli, Manghisi, Lampignano, Caputi, De Maria, Zupo and De Pergola.

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