Use of a Smartphone Self-assessment App for a Tobacco-Induced Disease (COPD, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cancer) Screening Strategy and to Encourage Smoking Cessation: Observational Study

Abstract

Background: Patient self-assessment via a mobile app detects actionable symptoms and has been shown to detect lung cancer relapses early, thereby lengthening survival.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of chief symptoms associated with the main tobacco-induced pathologies in both current and ex-smokers through a self-assessment smartphone app and to evaluate the app's capacity to encourage users to quit smoking or reduce consumption, as well as its impact on early lung cancer stages at the time of diagnosis.

Methods: Current and ex-smokers were recruited through an advertising campaign in Sarthe county (France) proposing the free download of a smartphone app. App users were asked to answer 13 questions related to symptoms associated with tobacco-induced diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], cardiovascular diseases, cancer). In the event of any positive answer, a message was displayed recommending the user to consult a physician. In addition, they were asked about smoking cessation intention before and after answering these 13 questions. Finally, incidence of stage 1 or 2 lung cancers diagnosed during the launch period of our application was evaluated by comparing data from various sources to those from the same period during the previous year.

Results: Of the 5671 users who were eligible for evaluation, an alert was sent to the majority (4118/5671, 72.6%), with a higher incidence for current smokers (2833/3679, 77.0% vs 1298/1992, 65.2%; P<.001). The most frequent symptoms triggering the notifications were fatigue (2023/5671, 35.7%), cough (1658/5671, 29.2%), dyspnea (1502/5671, 26.5%), and persistent chest pain (1286/5671, 22.7%). Of the current smokers, 14.0% (515/3679) showed symptoms suggesting COPD, 15.5% (571/3679) showed symptoms suggesting stable angina, 12.4% (455/3679) probably had lower extremity artery disease, and 6.8% (249/3679) had possible cancer. Of the users, 36.5% (1343/3679) claimed that they thought about quitting smoking, and 48.7% (1795/3679) had thought about reducing their consumption. Surgery-eligible stage 1 and 2 lung cancer incidence was 24% (14/58) during the study period versus 9% (5/54) during the previous year in Sarthe county (P=.04), whereas it remained unchanged in the neighboring county of Maine-et-Loire.

Conclusions: A majority of current and ex-smokers showed worrying symptoms, and the use of a self-assessment smartphone app may drive a majority of smokers toward the intention of smoking cessation or decreasing consumption. A randomized study should be performed to confirm this intention and to support the potential increase of symptomatic lung cancer detection at early, surgery-accessible stages.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04048954; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04048954.

Keywords: early detection; mobile health; self-assessment, lung cancer; smoking cessation; tobacco-induced pathologies.

Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest: TU reports receiving personal fees from AstraZeneca and Novartis. FD reports receiving personal fees from AstraZeneca, Ipsen, Kelindi, Pfizer, Chugai, and Roche.

©Edouard Stavaux, François Goupil, Guillaume Barreau, Anne Lise Septans, Bertrand Dautzenberg, Armelle Foulet-Rogé, Norbert Padilla, Thierry Urban, Fabrice Denis. Originally published in JMIR Public Health and Surveillance (https://publichealth.jmir.org), 23.02.2022.

Figures

Figure 1

CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) diagram.

Figure 2

Cumulative number of new symptomatic lung cancers eligible for surgery during the 12 weeks after the application kick-off in 2019 (assessed between June 21, 2019 and August 28, 2019) and during the same period without application availability in Sarthe in 2018.