Influence of diabetes mellitus on outcome in patients over 40 years of age with the long QT syndrome

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus can affect ventricular repolarization, and we investigated the impact of diabetes on the risk for cardiac events in older patients with long QT syndrome (LQTS). The study population consisted of 1,152 patients with QTc interval >/=450 ms who were enrolled in the United States portion of the International Long QT Syndrome Registry and survived >40 years of age. Patients were categorized as having diabetes if they received oral diabetic medication or insulin. End points after 40 years of age included first cardiac event (syncope, aborted cardiac arrest, sudden cardiac death, whichever occurred first) and all-cause mortality. Follow-up extended from 41 to 75 years of age. Risk factors for end points were evaluated by the Cox model. During follow-up, 193 patients had a first cardiac event, and 99 patients died. Of patients with LQTS, development of diabetes in adult patients with LQTS was not associated with an increased risk of first cardiac events dominated by syncope. Risk factors for mortality were syncope before 41 years of age, QTc interval > or =500 ms, heart rate >80 beats/min, and diabetes; there was no mortality interaction involving diabetes and QTc interval > or =500 ms. In conclusion, diabetes and prolonged QTc interval contributed independent mortality risks in adult patients with LQTS, with no interaction between these 2 risk factors.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1A. Byar-Mantel graphic display of the probability of first cardiac event in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with Long QT Syndrome from age 41 to 75 years. Figure 1B. Byar-Mantel graphic display of the probability of all-cause mortality in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with Long QT Syndrome from age 41 to 75 years.

Figure 1

Figure 1A. Byar-Mantel graphic display of the probability of first cardiac event in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with Long QT Syndrome from age 41 to 75 years. Figure 1B. Byar-Mantel graphic display of the probability of all-cause mortality in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with Long QT Syndrome from age 41 to 75 years.