Using Intervention Mapping to develop the Parents as Agents of Change (PAC©) intervention for managing pediatric obesity

Geoff D C Ball, Aislin R Mushquash, Rachel A Keaschuk, Kathryn A Ambler, Amanda S Newton, Geoff D C Ball, Aislin R Mushquash, Rachel A Keaschuk, Kathryn A Ambler, Amanda S Newton

Abstract

Background: Pediatric obesity has become increasingly prevalent over recent decades. In view of the psychosocial and physical health risks, and the high likelihood that children with obesity will grow to become adults with obesity, there is a clear need to develop evidence-based interventions that can be delivered in the health care system to optimize the health and well-being of children with obesity and their families. The aim of this paper is to describe the development, implementation, and planned evaluation of a parent-based weight management intervention designed for parents of 8-12 year olds with obesity.

Methods/results: The principles of Intervention Mapping (IM) were used to develop an intervention called Parents as Agents of Change (PAC©). From 2006 to 2009, an environmental scan plus qualitative (individual interviews with parents and children), quantitative (medical record reviews), and literature review data were collected to gain broad insight into family factors related to pediatric obesity and its management. Theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence guided curriculum development, which was founded primarily on the tenets of family systems theory and cognitive behavioral theory. PAC was developed as a manualized, 16-session, group-based, health care professional-led intervention for parents to address individual, family, and environmental factors related to the management of pediatric obesity. The intervention was refined based on feedback from local and international experts, and has been implemented successfully in a multi-disciplinary weight management centre in a children's hospital.

Conclusion: IM provided a practical framework to guide the systematic development of a pediatric weight management intervention for parents of children with obesity. This logical, step-by-step process blends theory and practice and is broadly applicable in the context of obesity management intervention development and evaluation. Following intervention development, the PAC intervention was evaluated within a randomized clinical trial. Trial registration NCT01267097; clinicaltrials.gov.

Keywords: Child; Cognitive therapy; Obesity; Parents; Pediatric obesity; Weight reduction programs.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Adapted Intervention Mapping process used to develop the Parents as Agents of Change© weight management intervention for parents of children with obesity

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