Effects of Acute Supramaximal Cycle Exercise on Plasma FFA Concentration in Obese Adolescent Boys

Georges Jabbour, Horia-Daniel Iancu, Anne Paulin, Jean-Marc Lavoie, Sophie Lemoine-Morel, Hassane Zouhal, Georges Jabbour, Horia-Daniel Iancu, Anne Paulin, Jean-Marc Lavoie, Sophie Lemoine-Morel, Hassane Zouhal

Abstract

Aims: The aims of the present study are 1) to evaluate the free fatty acid (FFA) profile and 2) to determine the relative anaerobic and aerobic contributions to total energy consumption during repeated supramaximal cycling bouts (SCE) in adolescent boys with different body weight statuses.

Materials and methods: Normal-weight (NW), overweight (OW), and obese (OB) adolescent boys (n =15 per group) completed a SCE sessions consisted of 6 x 6s maximal sprints with 2 min of passive rest between each repetition. Plasma FFA levels were determined at rest, immediately after a 10 min warm-up, and immediately at the end of SCE. The anaerobic and aerobic contributions (%) were measured via repeated SCE bouts. Insulin resistance was calculated using the homoeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) index.

Results: The FFA concentrations measured immediately after SCE were higher in the OB group than in the OW and NW (p<0.01 and p<0.01, respectively) groups. Moreover, the anaerobic contributions to SCE were significantly lower in obese adolescents (p<0.01) and decreased significantly during the 2nd, 3rd and 4th repetitions. The FFA levels were significantly associated with the HOMA-IR index and aerobic contribution among adolescent boys (r=0.83 and r=0.91, respectively, p<0.01).

Conclusion: In contrast to the NW and OW groups, there is an increase in lipid mobilization and sift to aerobic energy metabolism during SCE in the OB group.

Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

References

    1. Whyte LJ, Gill JM, Cathcart AJ. Effect of 2 weeks of sprint interval training on health-related outcomes in sedentary overweight/obese men. Metabolism. 2010;59(10): 1421–1428. 10.1016/j.metabol.2010.01.002
    1. Romijn JA, Coyle EF, Sidossis LS, Gastaldelli A, Horowitz JF, Endert E, et al. Regulation of endogenous fat and carbohydrate metabolism in relation to exercise intensity and duration. Am J Physiol.1993;265: 380–391.
    1. Greenhaff PL, Campbell-O’Sullivan SP, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Poucher SM, Roberts PA, Roberts PA, et al. An acetyl group deficit limits mitochondrial ATP production at the onset of exercise. Biochem Soc Trans. 2002;30(2): 275–280.
    1. Fox EL, Mathews DK. Interval Training: Conditioning for Sports and General Fitness. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders; 1974.
    1. Blimkie CJ, Sale DG, Bar-Or O. Voluntary strength, evoked twitch contractile properties and motor unit activation of knee extensors in obese and non-obese adolescent males. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1990;61(3–4): 313–318.
    1. Duché P, Ducher G, Lazzer S, Doré E, Tailhardat M, Bedu M. Peak power in obese and nonobese adolescents: effects of gender and braking force. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002; 34(12): 2072–2078.
    1. Sartorio A, Agosti F, De Col A, Lafortuna CL. Age and gender-related variations of leg power output and body composition in severely obese children and adolescents. J Endocrinol Invest. 2006;29: 48–54.
    1. Nevill ME, Holmyard DJ, Hall GM, Allsop P, van Oosterhout, A Burrin JM, et al. Growth hormone responses to treadmill sprinting in sprint and endurance-trained athletes. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology. 1996;72: 460–467.
    1. Trapp EG1, Chisholm DJ, Freund J, Boutcher SH. The effects of high-intensity intermittent exercise training on fat loss and fasting insulin levels of young women. Int J Obes (Lond). 2008;32(4): 684–691. 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803781
    1. Marker JC, Hirsch IB, Smith LJ, Parvin CA, Holloszy JO, Cryer PE. Catecholamines in prevention of hypoglycemia during exercise in humans. Am J Physiol. 1996;260 (23): 705–712.
    1. Tanner J. Growth at adolescence. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1962.
    1. Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjöström M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: 12- country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35: 1381–1395.
    1. Slaughter MH, Lohman TG, Boileau RA, Horswill CA, Stillman RJ, Van Loan MD, et al. Skinfold equations for estimation of body fatness in children and youth. Hum Biol. 1988;60: 709–723.
    1. McCarthy HD, Cole TJ, Fry T, Jebb SA, Prentice AM. Body fat reference curves for children. Int J Obes (Lond). 2006;30: 598–602.
    1. Spiro SG. Exercise testing in clinical medicine. Br J Dis Chest. 1997;71: 145–172.
    1. Ramsbottom R, Nevill AM, Nevill ME, Newport S, Williams C. Accumulated oxygen deficit and short-distance running performance. J Sports Sci. 1994;12(5): 447–453.
    1. Vandewalle H PG, Heller J, Monod H. Interests and limits of the speed-force relation in human. Science and Movement. 1988;4: 38–46.
    1. Van Beaumont W. Evaluation of hemoconcentration from hematocrit measurements. J Appl Physiol. 1972;32: 712–713.
    1. Annunzio G, Vanelli M, Meschi F, Pistorio A, Caso M, Pongigline C, et al. The SIEDP Study Group. Valori normali di HOMA-IR in bambini e adolescenti: studio multicentrico italiano. Quad Pediatr. 2004;3: 44.
    1. Gastin PB, Costill DL, Lawson DL, Krzeminski K, McConell GK. Accumulated oxygen deficit during supramaximal all-out and constant intensity exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995;27(2): 255–263.
    1. Lazzer S, Busti C, Agosti F, De Col A, Pozzo R, Sartorio A. Optimizing fat oxidation through exercise in severely obese Caucasian adolescents. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2007;67: 582–588.
    1. Jensen MD, Haymond MW, Gerich JE, Cryer PE, Miles JM. Lipolysis during fasting. Decreased suppression by insulin and increased stimulation by epinephrine. J Clin Invest. 1987;79: 207–213.
    1. Perez-Martin A, Dumortier M, Raynaud E, Brun JF, Fédou C, Bringer J, et al. Balance of substrate oxidation during submaximal exercise in lean and obese people. Diabetes Metab. 2001;27: 466–474.
    1. Gustafson AB, Farrell PA, Kalkhoff RK. Impaired plasma catecholamine response to submaximal treadmill exercise in obese women. Metabolism. 1990;39: 410–417.
    1. Lanzi S, Codecasa F, Cornacchia M, Maestrini S, Salvadori A, Brunani A, et al. Fat oxidation, hormonal and plasma metabolite kinetics during a submaximal incremental test in lean and obese adults. PLoS One. 2014;11;9(2). 10.1371/journal.pone.0088707
    1. Campbell PJ, Carlson MG, Hill JO, Nurjhan N. Regulation of free fatty acid metabolism by insulin in humans: role of lipolysis and reesterification. Am J Physiol. 1992; 263: 1063–1069.
    1. Horowitz JF, Klei S. Lipid metabolism during endurance exercise. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;72: 558–563.
    1. Romijn JA, Coyle EF, Zhang X-J, Sidossis LS, Wolfe RR. Fat oxidation is impaired somewhat during high-intensity exercise by limited plasma FFA mobilization. J Appl Physiol. 1995;79: 1939–1945.
    1. Egan B1, Zierath JR. Exercise metabolism and the molecular regulation of skeletal muscle adaptation. Cell Metab. 2013;5; 17(2): 162–184. 10.1016/j.cmet.2012.12.012
    1. Martin ML, Jensen MD. Effects of body fat distribution on regional lipolysis in obesity. J Clin Invest. 1991;88(2): 609–613.
    1. Jensen DM. Lipolysis: Contribution from Regional Fat. Annual Review of Nutrition. 1997;17: 127–139.
    1. Bogdanis GC, Nevill ME, Boobis LH, Lakomy HK. Contribution of phosphocreatine and aerobic metabolism to energy supply during repeated sprint exercise. J Appl Physiol. 1996;80(3): 876–884.
    1. DeFronzo RA, Bonadonna RC, Ferrannini E. Pathogenesis of NIDDM. A balanced overview. Diabetes Care. 1992;15(3): 318–368.

Source: PubMed

Sponsorit ja yhteistyökumppanit

Sairaudet

Huumeiden interventiot

3
Tilaa