Effects of High-Intensity Training on Anaerobic and Aerobic Contributions to Total Energy Release During Repeated Supramaximal Exercise in Obese Adults

Georges Jabbour, Horia-Daniel Iancu, Anne Paulin, Georges Jabbour, Horia-Daniel Iancu, Anne Paulin

Abstract

Background: Studying relative anaerobic and aerobic metabolism contributions to total energy release during exercise may be valuable in understanding exercise energetic demands and the energetic adaptations that occur in response to acute or chronic exercise in obese adults. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of 6 weeks of high-intensity training (HIT) on relative anaerobic and aerobic contributions to total energy release and on peak power output during repeated supramaximal cycling exercises (SCE) in obese adults.

Methods: Twenty-four obese adults (body mass index = ± 33 kg.m-2) were randomized into a control group (n = 12) and an HIT group (n = 12). Accumulated oxygen deficits (ml.min-1) and anaerobic and aerobic contributions (%) were measured in all groups before and after training via repeated SCE. In addition, the peak power output performed during SCE was determined using the force-velocity test.

Results: Before HIT, anaerobic contributions to repeated SCE did not differ between the groups and decreased significantly during the third and fourth repetitions. After HIT, anaerobic contributions increased significantly in the HIT group (+11 %, p < 0.01) and were significantly higher than those of the control group (p < 0.01). Moreover, the peak power obtained during SCE increased significantly in the HIT group (+110 W.kg-1, p < 0.01) and correlated positively with increases in anaerobic contributions (r = 0.9, p < 0.01).

Conclusions: In obese adults, HIT increased anaerobic contributions to energy release which were associated with peak power enhancement in response to repeated SCE. Consequently, HIT may be an appropriate approach for improving energy contributions and muscle power among obese adults.

Keywords: Aerobic; Anaerobic; Energy contribution; High-intensity training.

References

    1. Spencer MR, Gastin PB. Energy system contribution during 200- to 1500-m running in highly trained athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33:157–162. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200101000-00024.
    1. Zouhal H, Jabbour G, Jacob C, Duvigneau D, Botcazou M, Ben Abderrahaman A, et al. Anaerobic and aerobic energy system contribution to 400-m flat and 400-m hurdles track running. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24(9):2309–2315. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181e31287.
    1. Vettor R, Macor C, Rossi E, Piemonte G, Federspil G. Impaired counterregulatory hormonal and metabolic response to exhaustive exercise in obese subjects. Acta Diabetol. 1997;34(2):61–66. doi: 10.1007/s005920050068.
    1. Zouhal H, Lemoine-Morel S, Mathieu ME, Casazza GA, Jabbour G. Catecholamines and obesity: effects of exercise and training. Sports Med. 2013;43(7):591–600. doi: 10.1007/s40279-013-0039-8.
    1. Lazzer S, Boirie Y, Bitar A, Petit I, Meyer M, Vermorel M. Relationship between percentage of VO2max and type of physical activity in obese and non-obese adolescents. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2005;45(1):13–9.
    1. Anderssen SA, Cooper AR, Sardinha LB, Harro M, Brage S, Andersen LB. Cardiorespiratory fitness is a strong predictor for clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors in children independent of country, age and sex. Eur J Cardiovasc Dis Prev Rehabil. 2007;14:526–31. doi: 10.1097/HJR.0b013e328011efc1.
    1. Duché P, Ducher G, Lazzer S, Doré E, Tailhardat M, Bedu M. Peak power in obese and nonobese adolescents: effects of gender and braking force. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002;34(12):2072–8. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200212000-00031.
    1. Blimkie CJ, Sale DG, Bar-Or O. Voluntary strength, evoked twitch contractile properties and motor unit activation of knee extensors in obese and non-obese adolescent males. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1990;61(3–4):313–8. doi: 10.1007/BF00357619.
    1. Babraj JA, Vollard NBJ, Keast C, Guppy FM, Cottrell G, Timmons JA. Extremely short duration high intensity training substantially improves insulin action in young sedentary males. BMC Endocr Disord. 2009;9:3. doi: 10.1186/1472-6823-9-3.
    1. Whyte LJ, Gill JM, Cathcart AJ. Effect of 2 weeks of sprint interval training on health-related outcomes in sedentary overweight/obese men. Metabolism. 2010;59(10):1421–1428. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2010.01.002.
    1. Medbo JI, Mohn AC, Tabata I, Bahr R, Vaage O, Sejersted OM. Anaerobic capacity determined by maximal accumulated O2 deficit. J Appl Physiol. 1988;64:50–60.
    1. Adami A, Capelli C. Oxygen deficit during supramaximal cycling exercise in humans: a new estimation method. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2013;53(1):17–26.
    1. Hirvonen J, Rehumen S, Rusko M, Harkönen M. Breakdown of high energy phosphate compounds and lactate accumulation during short supramaximal exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol. 1987;56:253–59. doi: 10.1007/BF00690889.
    1. Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjostrom M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: 12- country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35:1381–95. doi: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB.
    1. Jabbour G, Lemoine-Morel S, Casazza GA, Hala Y, Moussa E, Zouhal H. Catecholamine response to exercise in obese, overweight, and lean adolescent boys. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43(3):408–15. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181f1bef3.
    1. Canadian Guidelines for Body Weight Classification in Adults- Quick Reference Tool for Professionals [Cited 2014 Sept 20]. Available from: .
    1. Spiro SG. Exercise testing in clinical medicine. Br J Dis Chest. 1977;71:145–72. doi: 10.1016/0007-0971(77)90106-1.
    1. Ramsbottom R, Nevill AM, Nevill ME, Newport S, Williams C. Accumulated oxygen deficit and short-distance running performance. J Sports Sci. 1994;12(5):447–53. doi: 10.1080/02640419408732194.
    1. Woolford SM, Withers RT, Craig NP, Bourdon PC, Stanef T, McKenzie I. Effect of pedal cadence on the accumulated oxygen deficit, maximal aerobic power and blood lactate transition thresholds of high-performance junior endurance cyclists. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1999;80(4):285–91. doi: 10.1007/s004210050594.
    1. Vandewalle HPG, Heller J, Monod H. Interests and limits of the speed-force relation in human. Sci Mov (in French) 1988;4:38–46.
    1. Tabata I, Nishimura K, Kouzaki M, Hirai Y, Ogita F, Miyachi M, et al. Effects ofmoderate-intensity endurance and high-intensity intermittent training on anaerobic capacity and VO 2max. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996;28(10):1327–30. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199610000-00018.
    1. Coyle EF. Very intense exercise-training is extremely potent and time efficient: a reminder. J Appl Physiol. 2005;98:1983–4. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00215.2005.
    1. Gibala MJ. High-intensity interval training: a time-efficient strategy for health promotion? Curr Sports Med Rep. 2007;6:211–3.
    1. Gastin PB, Costill DL, Lawson DL, Krzeminski K, McConell GK. Accumulated oxygen deficit during supramaximal all-out and constant intensity exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995;27(2):255–63. doi: 10.1249/00005768-199502000-00016.
    1. Dawson B, Fitzsimons M, Green S, Goodman C, Carey M, Cole K. Changes in performance, muscle metabolites, enzymes and fiber types after short sprint training. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1998;78:163–9. doi: 10.1007/s004210050402.
    1. Bogdanis GC, Nevill ME, Boobis LH, Lakomy HK. Contribution of phosphocreatine and aerobic metabolism to energy supply during repeated sprint exercise. J Appl Physiol. 1996;80(3):876–84.
    1. Bogdanis GC, Nevill ME, Boobis LH, Lakomy HK, Spencer M, Bishop D, et al. Physiological and metabolic responses of repeated-sprint activities: specific to field-based team sports. Sports Med. 2005;35(12):1025–44. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200535120-00003.
    1. Greenhaff PL, Campbell-O’Sullivan SP, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Poucher SM, Roberts PA, Timmons JA. An acetyl group deficit limits mitochondrial ATP production at the onset of exercise. Biochem Soc Trans. 2002;30(2):275–80. doi: 10.1042/bst0300275.
    1. Fox EL, Mathews DK. Interval training: conditioning for sports and general fitness. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders; 1974.
    1. Gaitanos GC, Williams C C, Boobis LH, Brooks S. Human muscle metabolism during intermittent maximal exercise. J Appl Physiol. 1993;75:712–19.
    1. Wasserman K, Hansen JE, Sue DY, Whipp BJ, Casaburi R. Principles of exercise testing and interpretation. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1994.
    1. Medbo JI, Burgers S. Effect of training on the anaerobic capacity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1990;22(4):501–7.
    1. Ziemann E, Grzywacz T, Łuszczyk M, Laskowski R, Olek RA, Gibson AL. Aerobic and anaerobic changes with high-intensity interval training in active college-aged men. J Strength Cond Res. 2011;25(4):1104–12. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181d09ec9.
    1. Nevill ME, Holmyard DJ, Hall GM, et al. Growth hormone responses to treadmill sprinting in sprint- and endurance-trained athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1996;72(5–6):460–7. doi: 10.1007/BF00242276.
    1. D'Hondt E, Deforche B, Vaeyens R, Vandorpe B, Vandendriessche J, Pion J, et al. Gross motor coordination in relation to weight status and age in 5- to 12-year-old boys and girls: a cross-sectional study. Int J Pediatr Obes. 2011;6:556–64. doi: 10.3109/17477166.2010.500388.
    1. Maffiuletti NA, Ratel S, Sartorio A, Vincent M. The impact of obesity on in vivo human skeletal muscle function. Curr Obes Rep. 2013;2:251–60. doi: 10.1007/s13679-013-0066-7.

Source: PubMed

Sponsorit ja yhteistyökumppanit

Sairaudet

Huumeiden interventiot

3
Tilaa