Contrast-induced acute kidney injury: A review of practical points

Sercin Ozkok, Abdullah Ozkok, Sercin Ozkok, Abdullah Ozkok

Abstract

Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is one of the most common causes of AKI in clinical practice. CI-AKI has been found to be strongly associated with morbidity and mortality of the patients. Furthermore, CI-AKI may not be always reversible and it may be associated with the development of chronic kidney disease. Pathophysiology of CI-AKI is not exactly understood and there is no consensus on the preventive strategies. CI-AKI is an active research area thus clinicians should be updated periodically about this topic. In this review, we aimed to discuss the indications of contrast-enhanced imaging, types of contrast media and their impact on nephrotoxicity, major pathophysiological mechanisms, risk factors and preventive strategies of CI-AKI and alternative non-contrast-enhanced imaging methods.

Keywords: Angiography; Cholesterol embolization syndrome; Computed tomography; Contrast media; Contrast nephropathy; Contrast-induced acute kidney injury; Hemodialysis; Nephrotoxicity.

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict-of-interest statement: Authors declare no conflict of interests for this article.

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