Effect of square stepping exercise for older adults to prevent fall and injury related to fall: systematic review and meta-analysis of current evidences

Berihu Fisseha, Balamurugan Janakiraman, Asmare Yitayeh, Hariharasudhan Ravichandran, Berihu Fisseha, Balamurugan Janakiraman, Asmare Yitayeh, Hariharasudhan Ravichandran

Abstract

Falls and fall related injuries become an emerging health problem among older adults. As a result a review of the recent evidences is needed to design a prevention strategy. The aim of this review was to determine the effect of square stepping exercise (SSE) for fall down injury among older adults compared with walking training or other exercises. An electronic database search for relevant randomized control trials published in English from 2005 to 2016 was conducted. Articles with outcome measures of functional reach, perceived health status, fear of fall were included. Quality of the included articles was rated using Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale and the pooled effect of SSE was obtained by Review Manager (RevMan5) software. Significant effect of SSE was detected over walking or no treatment to improve balance as well to prevent fear of fall and improve perceived health status. The results of this systematic review proposed that SSE significantly better than walking or no treatment to prevent fall, prevent fear of fall and improve perceived health status.

Keywords: Balance; Fall; Older adults; Square stepping exercise; Strength.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Example of indoor square stepping exercise.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Mean difference (95%) of effect of square stepping versus control group for balance improvement (n=146).
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Overall pooled fixed effect model of square stepping exercise versus control group to improve balance with P=0.0015 (95% confidence interval, 0.1900–0.8436) (n= 146).
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Mean difference (95%) of effect of square stepping versus control group prevent fear of fall (n=102).
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Overall pooled fixed effect model of square stepping exercise versus control group to improve balance with P=0.0010 (95% CI= 0.9560, 1.7325) (n=102).

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Source: PubMed

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