Effect of Incorporating Short-Foot Exercises in the Balance Rehabilitation of Flat Foot: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Dongchul Moon, Juhyeon Jung, Dongchul Moon, Juhyeon Jung

Abstract

Effective balance rehabilitation is essential to address flat foot (pes planus) which is closely associated with reduced postural stability. Although sensorimotor training (SMT) and short-foot exercise (SFE) have been effective for improving postural stability, the combined effects of SMT with SFE have not been evaluated in previous studies. The aim of this study was to compare the lone versus combined effects of SMT with SFE on postural stability among participants with flat foot. This was a single-blinded, randomized controlled trial. A total of 32 flat-footed participants were included in the study (14 males and 18 females) and assigned to the SMT combined with SFE group and SMT alone group. All participants underwent 18 sessions of the SMT program three times a week for six weeks. Static balance, dynamic balance, and the Hmax/Mmax ratio were compared before and after the interventions. Static and dynamic balance significantly increased in the SMT combined with SFE group compared with the SMT alone group. However, the Hmax/Mmax ratio was not significantly different between the two groups. Therefore, this study confirms that the combination of SMT and SFE is superior to SMT alone to improve postural balance control in flat-footed patients in clinical settings.

Keywords: exercise therapy; flat foot; postural balance.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Short-foot exercise.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Flow diagram of study.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Result of post-hoc analysis between both groups. Values are means ± SD. ** Significant difference between groups (p < 0.01). Abbreviations: SMT, sensorimotor training; SFE, short foot exercise; A-P, anterior-posterior; M-L, medial-lateral; ANT, anterior; PM, posteromedial; PL, posterolateral; Hmax, maximal H-reflex; Mmax, maximal M-wave.

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