The Impact of Information Technology on Patient Engagement and Health Behavior Change: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Suhila Sawesi, Mohamed Rashrash, Kanitha Phalakornkule, Janet S Carpenter, Josette F Jones, Suhila Sawesi, Mohamed Rashrash, Kanitha Phalakornkule, Janet S Carpenter, Josette F Jones

Abstract

Background: Advancements in information technology (IT) and its increasingly ubiquitous nature expand the ability to engage patients in the health care process and motivate health behavior change.

Objective: Our aim was to systematically review the (1) impact of IT platforms used to promote patients' engagement and to effect change in health behaviors and health outcomes, (2) behavior theories or models applied as bases for developing these interventions and their impact on health outcomes, (3) different ways of measuring health outcomes, (4) usability, feasibility, and acceptability of these technologies among patients, and (5) challenges and research directions for implementing IT platforms to meaningfully impact patient engagement and health outcomes.

Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar were searched for studies published from 2000 to December 2014. Two reviewers assessed the quality of the included papers, and potentially relevant studies were retrieved and assessed for eligibility based on predetermined inclusion criteria.

Results: A total of 170 articles met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed in detail. Overall, 88.8% (151/170) of studies showed positive impact on patient behavior and 82.9% (141/170) reported high levels of improvement in patient engagement. Only 47.1% (80/170) referenced specific behavior theories and only 33.5% (57/170) assessed the usability of IT platforms. The majority of studies used indirect ways to measure health outcomes (65.9%, 112/170).

Conclusions: In general, the review has shown that IT platforms can enhance patient engagement and improve health outcomes. Few studies addressed usability of these interventions, and the reason for not using specific behavior theories remains unclear. Further research is needed to clarify these important questions. In addition, an assessment of these types of interventions should be conducted based on a common framework using a large variety of measurements; these measurements should include those related to motivation for health behavior change, long-standing adherence, expenditure, satisfaction, and health outcomes.

Keywords: Internet; cell phone; patient behavior; patient engagement; social media; technology; web-based.

Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow diagram of included and excluded studies.

References

    1. Barello S, Graffigna G, Vegni E, Bosio AC. The challenges of conceptualizing patient engagement in healthcare: a lexicographic literature review. J Particip Med. 2014;6:e9.
    1. Coulter A, Parsons S, Askham J. Where are the patients in decision-making about their own care? World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe; 2008. [2015-11-30]. .
    1. Parekh AK. Winning their trust. N Engl J Med. 2011 Jun 16;364(24):e51. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1105645.
    1. Sundiatu D, Shonu G, Thomas P, Angela S. Changing patient behavior: The next frontier in healthcare value. Health Int. 2012;12:65–73.
    1. Bickmore T, Giorgino T. Some novel aspects of health communication from a dialogue systems perspective. AAAI Fall Symposium on Dialogue Systems for Health Communication; 2004; Washington, DC. 2004. Oct 24, pp. 275–291.
    1. Vollmer WM, Feldstein A, Smith D, Dubanoski JP, Waterbury A, Schneider JL, Clark SA, Rand C. Use of health information technology to improve medication adherence. Am J Manag Care. 2011 Dec;17(12 Spec No):SP79–87.
    1. Or C, Karsh B. A systematic review of patient acceptance of consumer health information technology. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2009;16(4):550–560. doi: 10.1197/jamia.M2888.
    1. Webb TL, Joseph J, Yardley L, Michie S. Using the internet to promote health behavior change: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of theoretical basis, use of behavior change techniques, and mode of delivery on efficacy. J Med Internet Res. 2010;12(1):e4. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1376.
    1. Sutcliffe P, Martin S, Sturt J, Powell J, Griffiths F, Adams A, Dale J. Systematic review of communication technologies to promote access and engagement of young people with diabetes into healthcare. BMC Endocr Disord. 2011;11:1. doi: 10.1186/1472-6823-11-1.
    1. Martyn H, Gallant LM. Over 50 and wired: Web-based stakeholder communication. FM. 2012 Jun 08;17(6) doi: 10.5210/fm.v17i6.3449. 17(6)
    1. Winbush GB, McDougle L, Labranche L. Health empowerment technologies (HET): building a web-based tool to empower older African American patient-doctor relationships. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2014;24(4):106–117. doi: 10.1353/hpu.2014.0017.
    1. de Jong C, Ros WJ, Schrijvers G. The effects on health behavior and health outcomes of Internet-based asynchronous communication between health providers and patients with a chronic condition: a systematic review. J Med Internet Res. 2014;16(1):e19. doi: 10.2196/jmir.3000.
    1. Norman GJ, Zabinski MF, Adams MA, Rosenberg DE, Yaroch AL, Atienza AA. A review of eHealth interventions for physical activity and dietary behavior change. Am J Prev Med. 2007 Oct;33(4):336–345. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.05.007.
    1. Wantland DJ, Portillo CJ, Holzemer WL, Slaughter R, McGhee EM. The effectiveness of Web-based vs. non-Web-based interventions: a meta-analysis of behavioral change outcomes. J Med Internet Res. 2004 Nov 10;6(4):e40. doi: 10.2196/jmir.6.4.e40.
    1. El-Gayar O, Timsina P, Nawar N, Eid W. A systematic review of IT for diabetes self-management: are we there yet? Int J Med Inform. 2013 Aug;82(8):637–652. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2013.05.006.
    1. Glanz K, Bishop DB. The role of behavioral science theory in development and implementation of public health interventions. Annu Rev Public Health. 2010;31:399–418. doi: 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.012809.103604.
    1. Ellis SE, Speroff T, Dittus RS, Brown A, Pichert JW, Elasy Ta. Diabetes patient education: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. Patient Education and Counseling. 2004 Jan;52(1):97–105. doi: 10.1016/S0738-3991(03)00016-8.
    1. DiClemente R, Crosby RA, Kegler M, editors. Emerging Theories in Health Promotion Practice and Research. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; 2009.
    1. Patrick K, Marshall SJ, Davila EP, Kolodziejczyk JK, Fowler JH, Calfas KJ, Huang JS, Rock CL, Griswold WG, Gupta A, Merchant G, Norman GJ, Raab F, Donohue MC, Fogg BJ, Robinson TN. Design and implementation of a randomized controlled social and mobile weight loss trial for young adults (project SMART) Contemp Clin Trials. 2014 Jan;37(1):10–18. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2013.11.001.
    1. Rothman AJ. "Is there nothing more practical than a good theory?": Why innovations and advances in health behavior change will arise if interventions are used to test and refine theory. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2004 Jul 27;1(1):11. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-1-11.
    1. Kennedy CM, Powell J, Payne TH, Ainsworth J, Boyd A, Buchan I. Active assistance technology for health-related behavior change: an interdisciplinary review. J Med Internet Res. 2012;14(3):e80. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1893.
    1. Howland JL, Wright TC, Boughan Ra, Roberts Bc. How scholarly is Google Scholar? A comparison to library databases. College & Research Libraries. 2009 May 01;70(3):227–234. doi: 10.5860/crl.70.3.227.
    1. Walters WH. Google Scholar coverage of a multidisciplinary field. Information Processing & Management. 2007 Jul;43(4):1121–1132. doi: 10.1016/j.ipm.2006.08.006.
    1. Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). Making sense of evidence. 10 questions to help you make sense of qualitative research. England: Public Health Resource Unit; 2006. [2015-11-21]. .
    1. Campbell R, Pound P, Pope C, Britten N, Pill R, Morgan M, Donovan J. Evaluating meta-ethnography: a synthesis of qualitative research on lay experiences of diabetes and diabetes care. Soc Sci Med. 2003 Feb;56(4):671–684.
    1. Davids EL, Roman NV. A systematic review of the relationship between parenting styles and children's physical activity. Health, physical activity and sport in South Africa: issues and challenges. Afr J Phys Health Educ Recreat Dance. 2014 Oct;20:228–246.
    1. DeGeest S, Sabaté E. Adherence to long-term therapies: evidence for action. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2003 Dec;2(4):323.
    1. Leventhal H, Cameron L. Behavioral theories and the problem of compliance. Patient Education and Counseling. 1987 Oct;10(2):117–138. doi: 10.1016/0738-3991(87)90093-0.
    1. Munro S, Lewin S, Swart T, Volmink J. A review of health behaviour theories: how useful are these for developing interventions to promote long-term medication adherence for TB and HIV/AIDS? BMC Public Health. 2007;7:104. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-7-104.
    1. Johnston JD, Massey AP, Devaneaux CA. Innovation in weight loss programs: a 3-dimensional virtual-world approach. J Med Internet Res. 2012;14(5):e120. doi: 10.2196/jmir.2254.
    1. Adachi Y, Sato C, Yamatsu K, Ito S, Adachi K, Yamagami T. A randomized controlled trial on the long-term effects of a 1-month behavioral weight control program assisted by computer tailored advice. Behav Res Ther. 2007 Mar;45(3):459–470. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2006.03.017.
    1. Napolitano MA, Fotheringham M, Tate D, Sciamanna C, Leslie E, Owen N, Bauman A, Marcus B. Evaluation of an internet-based physical activity intervention: a preliminary investigation. Ann Behav Med. 2003;25(2):92–99.
    1. Arora S, Peters AL, Burner E, Lam CN, Menchine M. Trial to examine text message-based mHealth in emergency department patients with diabetes (TExT-MED): a randomized controlled trial. Ann Emerg Med. 2014 Jun;63(6):745–754.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2013.10.012.
    1. Sugawara Y, Narimatsu H, Hozawa A, Shao L, Otani K, Fukao A. Cancer patients on Twitter: a novel patient community on social media. BMC Res Notes. 2012;5:699. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-699.
    1. Winstead-Derlega C, Rafaly M, Delgado S, Freeman J, Cutitta K, Miles T, Ingersoll K, Dillingham R. A pilot study of delivering peer health messages in an HIV clinic via mobile media. Telemed J E Health. 2012;18(6):464–469. doi: 10.1089/tmj.2011.0236.
    1. King SN, Davis L, Lehman JJ, Ruddy BH. A model for treating voice disorders in school-age children within a video gaming environment. J Voice. 2012 Sep;26(5):656–663. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.08.002.
    1. Tildesley HD, Mazanderani AB, Ross SA. Effect of Internet therapeutic intervention on A1C levels in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin. Diabetes Care. 2010 Aug;33(8):1738–1740. doi: 10.2337/dc09-2256.
    1. Scherr D, Kastner P, Kollmann A, Hallas A, Auer J, Krappinger H, Schuchlenz H, Stark G, Grander W, Jakl G, Schreier G, Fruhwald FM. Effect of home-based telemonitoring using mobile phone technology on the outcome of heart failure patients after an episode of acute decompensation: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2009;11(3):e34. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1252.
    1. Kwon H, Cho J, Kim H, Song B, Ko S, Lee J, Kim S, Chang S, Kim H, Cha B, Lee K, Son H, Lee J, Lee W, Yoon K. Establishment of blood glucose monitoring system using the internet. Diabetes Care. 2004 Feb;27(2):478–483.
    1. Danaher BG, Boles SM, Akers M. Defining participant exposure measures in Web-based health behavior change programs. J Med Internet Res. 2006;8(3):e15. doi: 10.2196/jmir.8.3.e15.
    1. Steele R, Mummery KW, Dwyer T. Development and process evaluation of an internet-based physical activity behaviour change program. Patient Educ Couns. 2007 Jul;67(1-2):127–136. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2007.02.013.
    1. Song H, May A, Vaidhyanathan V, Cramer EM, Owais RW, McRoy S. A two-way text-messaging system answering health questions for low-income pregnant women. Patient Educ Couns. 2013 Aug;92(2):182–187. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2013.04.016.
    1. Benhamou P, Melki V, Boizel R, Perreal F, Quesada J, Bessieres-Lacombe S, Bosson J, Halimi S, Hanaire H. One-year efficacy and safety of Web-based follow-up using cellular phone in type 1 diabetic patients under insulin pump therapy: the PumpNet study. Diabetes Metab. 2007 Jun;33(3):220–226. doi: 10.1016/j.diabet.2007.01.002.
    1. Chen ZW, Fang LZ, Chen LY, Dai HL. Comparison of an SMS text messaging and phone reminder to improve attendance at a health promotion center: a randomized controlled trial. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2008 Jan;9(1):34–38. doi: 10.1631/jzus.B071464.
    1. Kaplan K, Salzer MS, Solomon P, Brusilovskiy E, Cousounis P. Internet peer support for individuals with psychiatric disabilities: A randomized controlled trial. Soc Sci Med. 2011 Jan;72(1):54–62. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.09.037.
    1. Thackeray R, Crookston BT, West JH. Correlates of health-related social media use among adults. J Med Internet Res. 2013;15(1):e21. doi: 10.2196/jmir.2297.
    1. Wakefield BJ, Ward MM, Holman JE, Ray A, Scherubel M, Burns TL, Kienzle MG, Rosenthal GE. Evaluation of home telehealth following hospitalization for heart failure: a randomized trial. Telemed J E Health. 2008 Oct;14(8):753–761. doi: 10.1089/tmj.2007.0131.
    1. Ramaekers BT, Janssen-Boyne JJ, Gorgels AM, Vrijhoef HM. Adherence among telemonitored patients with heart failure to pharmacological and nonpharmacological recommendations. Telemed J E Health. 2009;15(6):517–524. doi: 10.1089/tmj.2008.0160.
    1. Andrade AA, McGruder HF, Wu AW, Celano SA, Skolasky RL, Selnes OA, Huang IC, McArthur JC. A programmable prompting device improves adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected subjects with memory impairment. Clin Infect Dis. 2005 Sep 15;41(6):875–882. doi: 10.1086/432877.
    1. Shaw LH, Gant LM. In defense of the internet: the relationship between Internet communication and depression, loneliness, self-esteem, and perceived social support. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2002 Apr;5(2):157–171.
    1. Franklin VL, Greene A, Waller A, Greene SA, Pagliari C. Patients' engagement with "Sweet Talk" - a text messaging support system for young people with diabetes. J Med Internet Res. 2008;10(2):e20. doi: 10.2196/jmir.962.
    1. Magnezi R, Bergman YS, Grosberg D. Online activity and participation in treatment affects the perceived efficacy of social health networks among patients with chronic illness. J Med Internet Res. 2014;16(1):e12. doi: 10.2196/jmir.2630.
    1. McKay HG, Glasgow RE, Feil EG, Boles SM, Barrera MJ. Internet-based diabetes self-management and support: Initial outcomes from the Diabetes Network project. Rehabilitation Psychology. 2002 Jul;47(1):31–48. doi: 10.1037/0090-5550.47.1.31.
    1. McKay H G, King D, Eakin E G, Seeley J R, Glasgow R E. The diabetes network internet-based physical activity intervention: a randomized pilot study. Diabetes Care. 2001 Aug;24(8):1328–1334.
    1. Coyle D, Doherty G, Sharry J. An evaluation of a solution focused computer game in adolescent interventions. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2009 Jul;14(3):345–360. doi: 10.1177/1359104508100884.
    1. Jelsma D, Geuze RH, Mombarg R, Smits-Engelsman B. The impact of Wii Fit intervention on dynamic balance control in children with probable Developmental Coordination Disorder and balance problems. Hum Mov Sci. 2014 Feb;33:404–418. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2013.12.007.
    1. Chan DS, Callahan CW, Sheets SJ, Moreno CN, Malone FJ. An Internet-based store-and-forward video home telehealth system for improving asthma outcomes in children. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2003 Oct 1;60(19):1976–1981.
    1. Galiano-Castillo N, Ariza-García A, Cantarero-Villanueva I, Fernández-Lao C, Sánchez-Salado C, Arroyo-Morales M. Agreement between telerehabilitation involving caregivers and face-to-face clinical assessment of lymphedema in breast cancer survivors. Support Care Cancer. 2014 Jan;22(1):253–258. doi: 10.1007/s00520-013-1971-8.
    1. Gray J E, Safran C, Davis R B, Pompilio-Weitzner G, Stewart J E, Zaccagnini L, Pursley D. Baby CareLink: using the internet and telemedicine to improve care for high-risk infants. Pediatrics. 2000 Dec;106(6):1318–1324.
    1. Kinney Anita Y, Boonyasiriwat Watcharaporn, Walters Scott T, Pappas Lisa M, Stroup Antoinette M, Schwartz Marc D, Edwards Sandra L, Rogers Amy, Kohlmann Wendy K, Boucher Kenneth M, Vernon Sally W, Simmons Rebecca G, Lowery Jan T, Flores Kristina, Wiggins Charles L, Hill Deirdre A, Burt Randall W, Williams Marc S, Higginbotham John C. Telehealth personalized cancer risk communication to motivate colonoscopy in relatives of patients with colorectal cancer: the family CARE Randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol. 2014 Mar 1;32(7):654–662. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2013.51.6765.
    1. Meiland FM, Hattink BJ, Overmars-Marx T, de Boer ME, Jedlitschka A, Ebben PWG, Stalpers-Croeze IW, Flick S, van der Leeuw J, Karkowski I P, Dröes R M. Participation of end users in the design of assistive technology for people with mild to severe cognitive problems; the European Rosetta project. Int Psychogeriatr. 2014 May;26(5):769–779. doi: 10.1017/S1041610214000088.
    1. Price Matthew, Gros Daniel F. Examination of prior experience with telehealth and comfort with telehealth technology as a moderator of treatment response for PTSD and depression in veterans. Int J Psychiatry Med. 2014;48(1):57–67. doi: 10.2190/PM.48.1.e.
    1. Spaniel Filip, Vohlídka Pavel, Hrdlicka Jan, Kozený Jirí, Novák Tomás, Motlová Lucie, Cermák Jan, Bednarík Josef, Novák Daniel, Höschl Cyril. ITAREPS: information technology aided relapse prevention programme in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2008 Jan;98(1-3):312–317. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2007.09.005.
    1. Weinstock Ruth S, Brooks Gary, Palmas Walter, Morin Philip C, Teresi Jeanne A, Eimicke Joseph P, Silver Stephanie, Izquierdo Roberto, Goland Robin, Shea Steven. Lessened decline in physical activity and impairment of older adults with diabetes with telemedicine and pedometer use: results from the IDEATel study. Age Ageing. 2011 Jan;40(1):98–105. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afq147.
    1. Franklin V L, Waller A, Pagliari C, Greene S A. A randomized controlled trial of Sweet Talk, a text-messaging system to support young people with diabetes. Diabet Med. 2006 Dec;23(12):1332–1338. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01989.x.
    1. Stacy Jane N, Schwartz Steven M, Ershoff Daniel, Shreve Marilyn Standifer. Incorporating tailored interactive patient solutions using interactive voice response technology to improve statin adherence: results of a randomized clinical trial in a managed care setting. Popul Health Manag. 2009 Oct;12(5):241–254. doi: 10.1089/pop.2008.0046.
    1. Granholm Eric, Ben-Zeev Dror, Link Peter C, Bradshaw Kristen R, Holden Jason L. Mobile Assessment and Treatment for Schizophrenia (MATS): a pilot trial of an interactive text-messaging intervention for medication adherence, socialization, and auditory hallucinations. Schizophr Bull. 2012 May;38(3):414–25. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbr155.
    1. Rodgers A, Corbett T, Bramley D, Riddell T, Wills M, Lin R-b, Jones M. Do u smoke after txt? Results of a randomised trial of smoking cessation using mobile phone text messaging. Tob Control. 2005 Aug;14(4):255–261. doi: 10.1136/tc.2005.011577.
    1. Brendryen Håvar, Kraft Pål. Happy ending: a randomized controlled trial of a digital multi-media smoking cessation intervention. Addiction. 2008 Mar;103(3):478–84; discussion 485. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.02119.x.
    1. Hurling Robert, Catt Michael, Boni Marco De, Fairley Bruce William, Hurst Tina, Murray Peter, Richardson Alannah, Sodhi Jaspreet Singh. Using internet and mobile phone technology to deliver an automated physical activity program: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2007;9(2):e7. doi: 10.2196/jmir.9.2.e7.
    1. Gold Judy, Lim Megan C, Hellard Margaret E, Hocking Jane S, Keogh Louise. What's in a message? Delivering sexual health promotion to young people in Australia via text messaging. BMC Public Health. 2010;10:792. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-792.
    1. Gabriele Jeanne Marisa, Carpenter Brian D, Tate Deborah F, Fisher Edwin B. Directive and nondirective e-coach support for weight loss in overweight adults. Ann Behav Med. 2011 Apr;41(2):252–263. doi: 10.1007/s12160-010-9240-2.
    1. Simon Gregory E, Ludman Evette J, Goodale Lisa C, Dykstra Donna M, Stone Elisa, Cutsogeorge Dona, Operskalski Belinda, Savarino James, Pabiniak Chester. An online recovery plan program: can peer coaching increase participation? Psychiatr Serv. 2011 Jun;62(6):666–669. doi: 10.1176/ps.62.6.pss6206_0666.
    1. Gustafson DH, Hawkins R, Pingree S, McTavish F, Arora NK, Mendenhall J, Cella DF, Serlin RC, Apantaku FM, Stewart J, Salner A. Effect of computer support on younger women with breast cancer. J Gen Intern Med. 2001 Jul 14;16(7):435–445. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016007435.x.
    1. Kato Pamela M, Cole Steve W, Bradlyn Andrew S, Pollock Brad H. A video game improves behavioral outcomes in adolescents and young adults with cancer: a randomized trial. Pediatrics. 2008 Aug;122(2):e305–317. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-3134.
    1. Bingham Peter M, Lahiri Thomas, Ashikaga Taka. Pilot trial of spirometer games for airway clearance practice in cystic fibrosis. Respir Care. 2012 Aug;57(8):1278–1284. doi: 10.4187/respcare.01263.
    1. Green Beverly B, Cook Andrea J, Ralston James D, Fishman Paul A, Catz Sheryl L, Carlson James, Carrell David, Tyll Lynda, Larson Eric B, Thompson Robert S. Effectiveness of home blood pressure monitoring, Web communication, and pharmacist care on hypertension control: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2008 Jun 25;299(24):2857–2867. doi: 10.1001/jama.299.24.2857.
    1. Read Emily. Feasibility of the Diabetes and Technology for Increased Activity (DaTA) Study: a pilot intervention in high-risk rural adults. J Phys Act Health. 2014 Jan;11(1):118–126. doi: 10.1123/jpah.2011-0381.
    1. Reback Cathy J, Grant Deborah Ling, Fletcher Jesse B, Branson Catherine M, Shoptaw Steven, Bowers Jane Rohde, Charania Mahnaz, Mansergh Gordon. Text messaging reduces HIV risk behaviors among methamphetamine-using men who have sex with men. AIDS Behav. 2012 Oct;16(7):1993–2002. doi: 10.1007/s10461-012-0200-7.
    1. Glasgow Russell E, Christiansen Steven M, Kurz Deanna, King Diane K, Woolley Tim, Faber Andrew J, Estabrooks Paul A, Strycker Lisa, Toobert Deborah, Dickman Jennifer. Engagement in a diabetes self-management website: usage patterns and generalizability of program use. J Med Internet Res. 2011;13(1):e9. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1391.
    1. Claborn Kasey R, Leffingwell Thad R, Miller Mary Beth, Meier Ellen, Stephens Johnny R. Pilot study examining the efficacy of an electronic intervention to promote HIV medication adherence. AIDS Care. 2014;26(3):404–409. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2013.824534.
    1. Bantum Erin O'Carrol, Albright Cheryl L, White Kami K, Berenberg Jeffrey L, Layi Gabriela, Ritter Phillip L, Laurent Diana, Plant Katy, Lorig Kate. Surviving and thriving with cancer using a Web-based health behavior change intervention: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2014;16(2):e54. doi: 10.2196/jmir.3020.
    1. Gutierrez Natalia, Kindratt Tiffany B, Pagels Patti, Foster Barbara, Gimpel Nora E. Health literacy, health information seeking behaviors and internet use among patients attending a private and public clinic in the same geographic area. J Community Health. 2014 Feb;39(1):83–89. doi: 10.1007/s10900-013-9742-5.
    1. Agarwal Ritu, Anderson Catherine, Zarate Jesus, Ward Claudine. If we offer it, will they accept? Factors affecting patient use intentions of personal health records and secure messaging. J Med Internet Res. 2013;15(2):e43. doi: 10.2196/jmir.2243.
    1. Agricola Eleonora, Pandolfi Elisabetta, Gonfiantini Michaela V, Gesualdo Francesco, Romano Mariateresa, Carloni Emanuela, Mastroiacovo Pierpaolo, Tozzi Alberto E. A cohort study of a tailored web intervention for preconception care. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2014;14:33. doi: 10.1186/1472-6947-14-33.
    1. Barnabei Vanessa M, O'Connor John J, Nimphius Nordeana M, Vierkant Robert A, Eaker Elaine D. The effects of a web-based tool on patient-provider communication and satisfaction with hormone therapy: a randomized evaluation. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2008;17(1):147–158. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2007.0369.
    1. Botts Nathan E, Horan Thomas A, Thoms Brian P. HealthATM: personal health cyberinfrastructure for underserved populations. Am J Prev Med. 2011 May;40(5 Suppl 2):S115–122. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2011.01.016.
    1. Boudreaux Edwin D, Bedek Kristyna L, Byrne Nelson J, Baumann Brigitte M, Lord Sherrill A, Grissom Grant. The Computer-Assisted Brief Intervention for Tobacco (CABIT) program: a pilot study. J Med Internet Res. 2012;14(6):e163. doi: 10.2196/jmir.2074.
    1. Buhrman Monica, Skoglund Astrid, Husell Josefin, Bergström Kristina, Gordh Torsten, Hursti Timo, Bendelin Nina, Furmark Tomas, Andersson Gerhard. Guided internet-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy for chronic pain patients: a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther. 2013 Jun;51(6):307–315. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2013.02.010.
    1. Feldman Penny H, Murtaugh Christopher M, Pezzin Liliana E, McDonald Margaret V, Peng Timothy R. Just-in-time evidence-based e-mail "reminders" in home health care: impact on patient outcomes. Health Serv Res. 2005 Jun;40(3):865–885. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2005.00389.x.
    1. Glynn Shirley M, Randolph Eugenia T, Garrick Thomas, Lui Anna. A proof of concept trial of an online psychoeducational program for relatives of both veterans and civilians living with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Rehabil J. 2010;33(4):278–287. doi: 10.2975/33.4.2010.278.287.
    1. Gustafson David H, McTavish Fiona M, Stengle William, Ballard Denise, Hawkins Robert, Shaw Bret R, Jones Ellen, Julèsberg Karen, McDowell Helene, Chen Wei Chih, Volrathongchai Kanittha, Landucci Gina. Use and Impact of eHealth System by Low-income Women With Breast Cancer. J Health Commun. 2005;10 Suppl 1:195–218. doi: 10.1080/10810730500263257.
    1. Hasin Deborah S, Aharonovich Efrat, Greenstein Eliana. HealthCall for the smartphone: technology enhancement of brief intervention in HIV alcohol dependent patients. Addict Sci Clin Pract. 2014;9:5. doi: 10.1186/1940-0640-9-5.
    1. Irvine A Blair, Gelatt Vicky A, Seeley John R, Macfarlane Pamela, Gau Jeff M. Web-based intervention to promote physical activity by sedentary older adults: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2013;15(2):e19. doi: 10.2196/jmir.2158.
    1. Iverson Suzy A, Howard Kristin B, Penney Brian K. Impact of internet use on health-related behaviors and the patient-physician relationship: a survey-based study and review. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2008 Dec;108(12):699–711.
    1. Krishna Santosh, Francisco Benjamin D, Balas E Andrew, König Peter, Graff Gavin R, Madsen Richard W, Randomized trial. Internet-enabled interactive multimedia asthma education program: a randomized trial. Pediatrics. 2003 Mar;111(3):503–510.
    1. Lee Chul-joo, Gray Stacy Wang, Lewis Nehama. Internet use leads cancer patients to be active health care consumers. Patient Educ Couns. 2010 Dec;81 Suppl:S63–69. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2010.09.004.
    1. Lewis Nehama, Gray Stacy W, Freres Derek R, Hornik Robert C. Examining cross-source engagement with cancer-related information and its impact on doctor-patient relations. Health Commun. 2009 Dec;24(8):723–734. doi: 10.1080/10410230903264030.
    1. Lorig Kate R, Ritter Philip L, Laurent Diana D, Plant Kathryn. Internet-based chronic disease self-management: a randomized trial. Med Care. 2006 Nov;44(11):964–971. doi: 10.1097/01.mlr.0000233678.80203.c1.
    1. Osborn Chandra Y, Mayberry Lindsay S, Wallston Kenneth A, Johnson Kevin B, Elasy Tom A. Understanding patient portal use: implications for medication management. J Med Internet Res. 2013;15(7):e133. doi: 10.2196/jmir.2589.
    1. Rooke S, Gates P, Norberg M, Copeland J. Applying technology to the treatment of cannabis use disorder: Comparing telephone versus Internet delivery using data from two completed trials. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2014;46(1):78–84. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2013.08.007.
    1. Ross Stephen E, Moore Laurie A, Earnest Mark A, Wittevrongel Loretta, Lin Chen-Tan. Providing a web-based online medical record with electronic communication capabilities to patients with congestive heart failure: randomized trial. J Med Internet Res. 2004 May 14;6(2):e12. doi: 10.2196/jmir.6.2.e12.
    1. Urowitz Sara, Wiljer David, Dupak Kourtney, Kuehner Zachary, Leonard Kevin, Lovrics Emily, Picton Peter, Seto Emily, Cafazzo Joe. Improving diabetes management with a patient portal: a qualitative study of diabetes self-management portal. J Med Internet Res. 2012;14(6):e158. doi: 10.2196/jmir.2265.
    1. van den Berg MH, Ronday H K, Peeters A J, Voogt-van der Harst EM, Munneke M, Breedveld F C, Vliet Vlieland TPM. Engagement and satisfaction with an Internet-based physical activity intervention in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2007 Mar;46(3):545–552. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kel341.
    1. Villegas N, Santisteban D, Cianelli R, Ferrer L, Ambrosia T, Peragallo N, Lara L. The development, feasibility and acceptability of an Internet-based STI-HIV prevention intervention for young Chilean women. Int Nurs Rev. 2014 Mar;61(1):55–63. doi: 10.1111/inr.12080.
    1. Winzelberg A J, Eppstein D, Eldredge K L, Wilfley D, Dasmahapatra R, Dev P, Taylor C B. Effectiveness of an Internet-based program for reducing risk factors for eating disorders. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2000 Apr;68(2):346–350.
    1. Harris Lynne T, Lehavot Keren, Huh David, Yard Samantha, Andrasik Michele P, Dunbar Peter J, Simoni Jane M. Two-way text messaging for health behavior change among human immunodeficiency virus-positive individuals. Telemed J E Health. 2010 Dec;16(10):1024–1029. doi: 10.1089/tmj.2010.0050.
    1. Tran Bach Xuan, Houston Stan. Mobile phone-based antiretroviral adherence support in Vietnam: feasibility, patient's preference, and willingness-to-pay. AIDS Behav. 2012 Oct;16(7):1988–1992. doi: 10.1007/s10461-012-0271-5.
    1. Shrier LA, Rhoads A, Burke P, Walls C, Blood EA. Real-time, contextual intervention using mobile technology to reduce marijuana use among youth: A Pilot Study. Addict Behav. 2014;39(1):173–180. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.09.028.
    1. Fisher Jennifer, Clayton Margaret. Who gives a tweet: assessing patients' interest in the use of social media for health care. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs. 2012 Apr;9(2):100–108. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-6787.2012.00243.x.
    1. Greene Jeremy A, Choudhry Niteesh K, Kilabuk Elaine, Shrank William H. Online social networking by patients with diabetes: a qualitative evaluation of communication with Facebook. J Gen Intern Med. 2011 Mar;26(3):287–292. doi: 10.1007/s11606-010-1526-3.
    1. Boland Michael V, Chang Dolly S, Frazier Travis, Plyler Ryan, Jefferys Joan L, Friedman David S. Automated telecommunication-based reminders and adherence with once-daily glaucoma medication dosing: the automated dosing reminder study. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2014 Jul;132(7):845–850. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2014.857.
    1. Bond Gail E, Burr Robert L, Wolf Fredric M, Feldt Karen. The effects of a web-based intervention on psychosocial well-being among adults aged 60 and older with diabetes: a randomized trial. Diabetes Educ. 2010;36(3):446–456. doi: 10.1177/0145721710366758.
    1. Buhrman Monica, Fältenhag Sofia, Ström Lars, Andersson Gerhard. Controlled trial of Internet-based treatment with telephone support for chronic back pain. Pain. 2004 Oct;111(3):368–377. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2004.07.021.
    1. Christensen Helen, Griffiths Kathleen M, Jorm Anthony F. Delivering interventions for depression by using the internet: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2004 Jan 31;328(7434):265. doi: 10.1136/.
    1. Herbst Nirmal, Voderholzer Ulrich, Thiel Nicola, Schaub Ronja, Knaevelsrud Christine, Stracke Silke, Hertenstein Elisabeth, Nissen Christoph, Külz Anne Katrin. No talking, just writing! Efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention in obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychother Psychosom. 2014;83(3):165–175. doi: 10.1159/000357570.
    1. Houston Thomas K, Cooper Lisa A, Ford Daniel E. Internet support groups for depression: a 1-year prospective cohort study. Am J Psychiatry. 2002 Dec;159(12):2062–2068. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.159.12.2062.
    1. Kerr Jacqueline, Patrick Kevin, Norman Greg, Stein Murray B, Calfas Karen, Zabinski Marion, Robinson Athena. Randomized control trial of a behavioral intervention for overweight women: impact on depressive symptoms. Depress Anxiety. 2008;25(7):555–558. doi: 10.1002/da.20320.
    1. Rotondi Armando J, Anderson Carol M, Haas Gretchen L, Eack Shaun M, Spring Michael B, Ganguli Rohan, Newhill Christina, Rosenstock Jason. Web-based psychoeducational intervention for persons with schizophrenia and their supporters: one-year outcomes. Psychiatr Serv. 2010 Nov;61(11):1099–1105. doi: 10.1176/ps.2010.61.11.1099.
    1. Roy Hermione, Gillett Tim. E-mail: a new technique for forming a therapeutic alliance with high-risk young people failing to engage with mental health services? A case study. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2008 Jan;13(1):95–103.
    1. Baptist Alan P, Thompson Michael, Grossman Karla Stoermer, Mohammed Layla, Sy Annie, Sanders Georgiana M. Social media, text messaging, and email-preferences of asthma patients between 12 and 40 years old. J Asthma. 2011 Oct;48(8):824–830. doi: 10.3109/02770903.2011.608460.
    1. Nguyen Huong Q, Donesky-Cuenco DorAnne, Wolpin Seth, Reinke Lynn F, Benditt Joshua O, Paul Steven M, Carrieri-Kohlman Virginia. Randomized controlled trial of an internet-based versus face-to-face dyspnea self-management program for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: pilot study. J Med Internet Res. 2008;10(2):e9. doi: 10.2196/jmir.990.
    1. Ostojic Vedran, Cvoriscec Branimir, Ostojic Sanja Barsic, Reznikoff Dimitry, Stipic-Markovic Asja, Tudjman Zdenko. Improving asthma control through telemedicine: a study of short-message service. Telemed J E Health. 2005 Feb;11(1):28–35. doi: 10.1089/tmj.2005.11.28.
    1. Tate Deborah F, Jackvony Elizabeth H, Wing Rena R. A randomized trial comparing human e-mail counseling, computer-automated tailored counseling, and no counseling in an Internet weight loss program. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(15):1620–1625. doi: 10.1001/archinte.166.15.1620.
    1. Johnson Fiona, Wardle Jane. The association between weight loss and engagement with a web-based food and exercise diary in a commercial weight loss programme: a retrospective analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2011;8:83. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-8-83.
    1. Kornman Kelly P, Shrewsbury Vanessa A, Chou Amy C, Nguyen Binh, Lee Anthea, O'Connor Janice, Steinbeck Katharine S, Hill Andrew J, Kohn Michael R, Shah Smita, Baur Louise A. Electronic therapeutic contact for adolescent weight management: the Loozit study. Telemed J E Health. 2010;16(6):678–685. doi: 10.1089/tmj.2009.0180.
    1. Park Min-Jeong, Kim Hee-Seung. Evaluation of mobile phone and Internet intervention on waist circumference and blood pressure in post-menopausal women with abdominal obesity. Int J Med Inform. 2012 Jun;81(6):388–394. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2011.12.011.
    1. Patrick Kevin, Raab Fred, Adams Marc A, Dillon Lindsay, Zabinski Marian, Rock Cheryl L, Griswold William G, Norman Gregory J. A text message-based intervention for weight loss: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2009;11(1):e1. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1100.
    1. Petersen Ruth, Sill Stewart, Lu Chifung, Young Joyce, Edington Dee W. Effectiveness of employee internet-based weight management program. J Occup Environ Med. 2008 Feb;50(2):163–171. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0b013e31815c6cf6.
    1. Steinberg Dori M, Levine Erica L, Lane Ilana, Askew Sandy, Foley Perry B, Puleo Elaine, Bennett Gary G. Adherence to self-monitoring via interactive voice response technology in an eHealth intervention targeting weight gain prevention among Black women: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2014;16(4):e114. doi: 10.2196/jmir.2996.
    1. Turner-McGrievy Gabrielle M, Tate Deborah F. Are we sure that Mobile Health is really mobile? An examination of mobile device use during two remotely-delivered weight loss interventions. Int J Med Inform. 2014 May;83(5):313–319. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2014.01.002.
    1. Ware Lisa J, Hurling Robert, Bataveljic Ogi, Fairley Bruce W, Hurst Tina L, Murray Peter, Rennie Kirsten L, Tomkins Chris E, Finn Anne, Cobain Mark R, Pearson Dympna A, Foreyt John P. Rates and determinants of uptake and use of an internet physical activity and weight management program in office and manufacturing work sites in England: cohort study. J Med Internet Res. 2008;10(4):e56. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1108.
    1. McKay H Garth, Danaher Brian G, Seeley John R, Lichtenstein Edward, Gau Jeff M. Comparing two web-based smoking cessation programs: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2008;10(5):e40. doi: 10.2196/jmir.993.
    1. Bramley Dale, Riddell Tania, Whittaker Robyn, Corbett Tim, Lin Ruey-Bin, Wills Mary, Jones Mark, Rodgers Anthony. Smoking cessation using mobile phone text messaging is as effective in Maori as non-Maori. N Z Med J. 2005 Jun 3;118(1216):U1494.
    1. Richardson Amanda, Graham Amanda L, Cobb Nathan, Xiao Haijun, Mushro Aaron, Abrams David, Vallone Donna. Engagement promotes abstinence in a web-based cessation intervention: cohort study. J Med Internet Res. 2013;15(1):e14. doi: 10.2196/jmir.2277.
    1. Strecher Victor J, McClure Jennifer, Alexander Gwen, Chakraborty Bibhas, Nair Vijay, Konkel Janine, Greene Sarah, Couper Mick, Carlier Carola, Wiese Cheryl, Little Roderick, Pomerleau Cynthia, Pomerleau Ovide. The role of engagement in a tailored web-based smoking cessation program: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2008;10(5):e36. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1002.
    1. Kim Hee-Seung, Jeong Hye-Sun. A nurse short message service by cellular phone in type-2 diabetic patients for six months. J Clin Nurs. 2007 Jun;16(6):1082–1087. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2007.01698.x.
    1. Cho Jae-Hyoung, Chang Sang-Ah, Kwon Hyuk-Sang, Choi Yoon-Hee, Ko Seung-Hyun, Moon Sung-Dae, Yoo Soon-Jib, Song Ki-Ho, Son Hyun-Shik, Kim Hee-Seung, Lee Won-Chul, Cha Bong-Yun, Son Ho-Young, Yoon Kun-Ho. Long-term effect of the Internet-based glucose monitoring system on HbA1c reduction and glucose stability: a 30-month follow-up study for diabetes management with a ubiquitous medical care system. Diabetes Care. 2006 Dec;29(12):2625–2631. doi: 10.2337/dc05-2371.
    1. Fonda Stephanie J, McMahon Graham T, Gomes Helen E, Hickson Sara, Conlin Paul R. Changes in diabetes distress related to participation in an internet-based diabetes care management program and glycemic control. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2009 Jan;3(1):117–124.
    1. Kim CJ, Kim Hee-Seung. Effectiveness of mobile and internet intervention in patients with obese type 2 diabetes. Int J Med Inform. 2008 Jun;77(6):399–404. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2007.07.006.
    1. McCarrier Kelly P, Ralston James D, Hirsch Irl B, Lewis Ginny, Martin Diane P, Zimmerman Frederick J, Goldberg Harold I. Web-based collaborative care for type 1 diabetes: a pilot randomized trial. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2009 Apr;11(4):211–217. doi: 10.1089/dia.2008.0063.
    1. Rami Birgit, Popow Christian, Horn Werner, Waldhoer Thomas, Schober Edith. Telemedical support to improve glycemic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Pediatr. 2006 Oct;165(10):701–705. doi: 10.1007/s00431-006-0156-6.
    1. McMahon Graham T, Gomes Helen E, Hickson Hohne Sara, Hu Tang Ming-Jye, Levine Betty A, Conlin Paul R. Web-based care management in patients with poorly controlled diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2005 Jul;28(7):1624–1629.
    1. Meigs James B, Cagliero Enrico, Dubey Anil, Murphy-Sheehy Patricia, Gildesgame Catharyn, Chueh Henry, Barry Michael J, Singer Daniel E, Nathan David M. A controlled trial of web-based diabetes disease management: the MGH diabetes primary care improvement project. Diabetes Care. 2003 Mar;26(3):750–757.
    1. Quinn Charlene C, Clough Suzanne Sysko, Minor James M, Lender Dan, Okafor Maria C, Gruber-Baldini Ann. WellDoc mobile diabetes management randomized controlled trial: change in clinical and behavioral outcomes and patient and physician satisfaction. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2008 Jun;10(3):160–168. doi: 10.1089/dia.2008.0283.
    1. Ralston James D, Hirsch Irl B, Hoath James, Mullen Mary, Cheadle Allen, Goldberg Harold I. Web-based collaborative care for type 2 diabetes: a pilot randomized trial. Diabetes Care. 2009 Feb;32(2):234–239. doi: 10.2337/dc08-1220.
    1. Bell Amanda M, Fonda Stephanie J, Walker M Susan, Schmidt Virginia, Vigersky Robert A. Mobile phone-based video messages for diabetes self-care support. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2012 Mar;6(2):310–319.
    1. Smith Karen E, Levine Betty A, Clement Stephen C, Hu Ming-Jye, Alaoui Adil, Mun Seong K. Impact of MyCareTeam for poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2004 Dec;6(6):828–835. doi: 10.1089/dia.2004.6.828.
    1. Tasker Anthony PB, Gibson Lorna, Franklin Victoria, Gregor Peter, Greene Stephen. What is the frequency of symptomatic mild hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes in the young?: assessment by novel mobile phone technology and computer-based interviewing. Pediatr Diabetes. 2007 Feb;8(1):15–20. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2006.00220.x.
    1. Weppner William G, Ralston James D, Koepsell Thomas D, Grothaus Lou C, Reid Robert J, Jordan Luesa, Larson Eric B. Use of a shared medical record with secure messaging by older patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2010 Nov;33(11):2314–2319. doi: 10.2337/dc10-1124.
    1. Yoon Kun-Ho, Kim Hee-Seung. A short message service by cellular phone in type 2 diabetic patients for 12 months. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2008 Feb;79(2):256–261. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2007.09.007.
    1. Espie Colin A, Kyle Simon D, Williams Chris, Ong Jason C, Douglas Neil J, Hames Peter, Brown June SL. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of online cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic insomnia disorder delivered via an automated media-rich web application. Sleep. 2012 Jun;35(6):769–781. doi: 10.5665/sleep.1872.
    1. Kiselev Anton R, Gridnev Vladimir I, Shvartz Vladimir A, Posnenkova Olga M, Dovgalevsky Pavel Ya. Active ambulatory care management supported by short message services and mobile phone technology in patients with arterial hypertension. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2012;6(5):346–355. doi: 10.1016/j.jash.2012.08.001.
    1. Park Min-Jeong, Kim Hee-Seung, Kim Kyung-Soo. Cellular phone and Internet-based individual intervention on blood pressure and obesity in obese patients with hypertension. Int J Med Inform. 2009 Oct;78(10):704–710. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2009.06.004.
    1. Ginsburg Ophira M, Chowdhury Mridul, Wu Wei, Chowdhury Touhidul Imran, Pal Bidhan Chandra, Hasan Rifat, Khan Zahid H, Dutta Dali, Saeem Arif Abu, Al-Mansur Raiyan, Mahmud Sahin, Woods James H, Story Heather H, Salim Reza. An mHealth model to increase clinic attendance for breast symptoms in rural Bangladesh: can bridging the digital divide help close the cancer divide? Oncologist. 2014 Feb;19(2):177–185. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2013-0314.
    1. Zernicke Kristin A, Campbell Tavis S, Speca Michael, McCabe-Ruff Kelley, Flowers Steven, Carlson Linda E. A randomized wait-list controlled trial of feasibility and efficacy of an online mindfulness-based cancer recovery program: the eTherapy for cancer applying mindfulness trial. Psychosom Med. 2014 May;76(4):257–267. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000000053.
    1. McCann L, Maguire R, Miller M, Kearney N. Patients' perceptions and experiences of using a mobile phone-based advanced symptom management system (ASyMS) to monitor and manage chemotherapy related toxicity. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2009 Mar;18(2):156–164. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2354.2008.00938.x.
    1. Christensen Arne, Christrup Lona Louring, Fabricius Paul Erik, Chrostowska Marzena, Wronka Michal, Narkiewicz Krzysztof, Hansen Ebba Holme. The impact of an electronic monitoring and reminder device on patient compliance with antihypertensive therapy: a randomized controlled trial. J Hypertens. 2010 Jan;28(1):194–200. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e328331b718.
    1. Oh Elizabeth, Jorm Anthony F, Wright Annemarie. Perceived helpfulness of websites for mental health information: a national survey of young Australians. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2009 Apr;44(4):293–299. doi: 10.1007/s00127-008-0443-9.
    1. Downer Sean R, Meara John G, Da Costa Annette C. Use of SMS text messaging to improve outpatient attendance. Med J Aust. 2005 Oct 3;183(7):366–368.
    1. Farmer Thomas, Brook Gary, McSorley John, Murphy Siobhan, Mohamed Azmina. Using short message service text reminders to reduce 'did not attend' rates in sexual health and HIV appointment clinics. Int J STD AIDS. 2014 Mar;25(4):289–293. doi: 10.1177/0956462413502325.
    1. Kay-Lambkin Frances, Baker Amanda, Lewin Terry, Carr Vaughan. Acceptability of a clinician-assisted computerized psychological intervention for comorbid mental health and substance use problems: treatment adherence data from a randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2011;13(1):e11. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1522.
    1. Liew Su-May, Tong Seng Fah, Lee Verna Kar Mun, Ng Chirk Jenn, Leong Kwok Chi, Teng Cheong Lieng. Text messaging reminders to reduce non-attendance in chronic disease follow-up: a clinical trial. Br J Gen Pract. 2009 Dec;59(569):916–920. doi: 10.3399/bjgp09X472250.
    1. McInnes D Keith, Petrakis Beth Ann, Gifford Allen L, Rao Sowmya R, Houston Thomas K, Asch Steven M, O'Toole Thomas P. Retaining homeless veterans in outpatient care: a pilot study of mobile phone text message appointment reminders. Am J Public Health. 2014 Sep;104 Suppl 4:S588–594. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302061.
    1. Sims Hannah, Sanghara Harpreet, Hayes Daniel, Wandiembe Symon, Finch Matthew, Jakobsen Hanne, Tsakanikos Elias, Okocha Chike Ify, Kravariti Eugenia. Text message reminders of appointments: a pilot intervention at four community mental health clinics in London. Psychiatr Serv. 2012 Feb 1;63(2):161–168. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201100211.
    1. Stockwell Melissa S, Kharbanda Elyse Olshen, Martinez Raquel Andres, Vargas Celibell Y, Vawdrey David K, Camargo Stewin. Effect of a text messaging intervention on influenza vaccination in an urban, low-income pediatric and adolescent population: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012 Apr 25;307(16):1702–1708. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.502.
    1. Glasgow Russell E, Kurz Deanna, King Diane, Dickman Jennifer M, Faber Andrew J, Halterman Eve, Woolley Tim, Toobert Deborah J, Strycker Lisa A, Estabrooks Paul A, Osuna Diego, Ritzwoller Debra. Twelve-month outcomes of an Internet-based diabetes self-management support program. Patient Educ Couns. 2012 Apr;87(1):81–92. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2011.07.024.
    1. Heisler Michele, Choi Hwajung, Palmisano Gloria, Mase Rebecca, Richardson Caroline, Fagerlin Angela, Montori Victor M, Spencer Michael, An Laurence C. Comparison of community health worker-led diabetes medication decision-making support for low-income Latino and African American adults with diabetes using e-health tools versus print materials: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2014 Nov 18;161(10 Suppl):S13–22. doi: 10.7326/M13-3012.
    1. Heyworth Leonie, Paquin Allison M, Clark Justice, Kamenker Victor, Stewart Max, Martin Tracey, Simon Steven R. Engaging patients in medication reconciliation via a patient portal following hospital discharge. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2014 Feb;21(e1):e157–162. doi: 10.1136/amiajnl-2013-001995.
    1. Meglic Matic, Furlan Mirjana, Kuzmanic Marja, Kozel Dejan, Baraga Dusan, Kuhar Irma, Kosir Branko, Iljaz Rade, Novak Sarotar Brigita, Dernovsek Mojca Zvezdana, Marusic Andrej, Eysenbach Gunther, Brodnik Andrej. Feasibility of an eHealth service to support collaborative depression care: results of a pilot study. J Med Internet Res. 2010;12(5):e63. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1510.
    1. Parr Jannette M, Kavanagh David J, Young Ross McD, Mitchell Geoffrey. Acceptability of cognitive-behaviour therapy via the Internet for cessation of benzodiazepine use. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2011 May;30(3):306–314. doi: 10.1111/j.1465-3362.2010.00183.x.
    1. Santschi Valérie, Wuerzner Grégoire, Schneider Marie-Paule, Bugnon Olivier, Burnier Michel. Clinical evaluation of IDAS II, a new electronic device enabling drug adherence monitoring. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2007 Dec;63(12):1179–1184. doi: 10.1007/s00228-007-0364-7.
    1. Vilella Anna, Bayas Jose-Maria, Diaz Maria-Teresa, Guinovart Caterina, Diez Consolación, Simó Dulcis, Muñoz Amparo, Cerezo Javier. The role of mobile phones in improving vaccination rates in travelers. Prev Med. 2004 Apr;38(4):503–509. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2003.12.005.
    1. van der Vaart R, Drossaert CH, Taal E, Drossaers-Bakker KW, Vonkeman HE, van der Laar MA. Impact of patient-accessible electronic medical records in rheumatology: use, satisfaction and effects on empowerment among patients. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2014 Feb;15(1):102. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-102.
    1. Kulkarni Anjali, Wright Emily, Kingdom John. Web-based education and attitude to delivery by caesarean section in nulliparous women. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2014 Sep;36(9):768–775.
    1. Keyserling Thomas C, Sheridan Stacey L, Draeger Lindy B, Finkelstein Eric A, Gizlice Ziya, Kruger Eliza, Johnston Larry F, Sloane Philip D, Samuel-Hodge Carmen, Evenson Kelly R, Gross Myron D, Donahue Katrina E, Pignone Michael P, Vu Maihan B, Steinbacher Erika A, Weiner Bryan J, Bangdiwala Shrikant I, Ammerman Alice S. A comparison of live counseling with a web-based lifestyle and medication intervention to reduce coronary heart disease risk: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2014 Jul;174(7):1144–1157. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.1984.
    1. Aikens James E, Zivin Kara, Trivedi Ranak, Piette John D. Diabetes self-management support using mHealth and enhanced informal caregiving. J Diabetes Complications. 2014;28(2):171–176. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2013.11.008.
    1. Helander Elina, Kaipainen Kirsikka, Korhonen Ilkka, Wansink Brian. Factors related to sustained use of a free mobile app for dietary self-monitoring with photography and peer feedback: retrospective cohort study. J Med Internet Res. 2014;16(4):e109. doi: 10.2196/jmir.3084.
    1. Holtz Bree, Krein Sarah L, Bentley Douglas R, Hughes Maria E, Giardino Nicholas D, Richardson Caroline R. Comparison of Veteran experiences of low-cost, home-based diet and exercise interventions. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2014;51(1):149–160. doi: 10.1682/JRRD.2013.04.0088.
    1. Hunter Christine M, Peterson Alan L, Alvarez Lisa M, Poston Walker C, Brundige Antoinette R, Haddock C Keith, Van Brunt David L, Foreyt John P. Weight management using the internet a randomized controlled trial. Am J Prev Med. 2008 Feb;34(2):119–126. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.09.026.
    1. Kim Chun-Ja, Kang Duck-Hee. Utility of a Web-based intervention for individuals with type 2 diabetes: the impact on physical activity levels and glycemic control. Comput Inform Nurs. 2006;24(6):337–345.
    1. Plotnikoff Ronald C, McCargar Linda J, Wilson Philip M, Loucaides Constantinos A. Efficacy of an E-mail intervention for the promotion of physical activity and nutrition behavior in the workplace context. Am J Health Promot. 2005;19(6):422–429.
    1. ter Huurne Elke D, Postel Marloes G, de Haan Hein A, Drossaert Constance H C, DeJong Cor A J. Web-based treatment program using intensive therapeutic contact for patients with eating disorders: before-after study. J Med Internet Res. 2013;15(2):e12. doi: 10.2196/jmir.2211.
    1. Trautmann E, Kroner-Herwig B. BABCP. 2008. [2015-11-30]. Internet-based self-help training for children and adolescents with recurrent headache: a pilot study .
    1. Lee Ting-I, Yeh Yu-Ting, Liu Chien-Tsai, Chen Ping-Ling. Development and evaluation of a patient-oriented education system for diabetes management. Int J Med Inform. 2007 Sep;76(9):655–663. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2006.05.030.
    1. Sciamanna Christopher N, Nicholson Robert A, Lofland Jennifer H, Manocchia Michael, Mui Sarah, Hartman Christine W. Effects of a Website designed to improve the management of migraines. Headache. 2006 Jan;46(1):92–100. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2006.00312.x.
    1. Schnall Rebecca, Wantland Dean, Velez Olivia, Cato Kenrick, Jia Haomiao. Feasibility testing of a web-based symptom self-management system for persons living with HIV. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2014;25(4):364–371. doi: 10.1016/j.jana.2013.09.002.
    1. Furber Gareth V, Crago Ann E, Meehan Kevin, Sheppard Tom D, Hooper Ken, Abbot Dorothy T, Allison Stephen, Skene Clive. How adolescents use SMS (short message service) to micro-coordinate contact with youth mental health outreach services. J Adolesc Health. 2011 Jan;48(1):113–115. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.05.022.
    1. Greysen S Ryan, Khanna Raman R, Jacolbia Ronald, Lee Herman M, Auerbach Andrew D. Tablet computers for hospitalized patients: a pilot study to improve inpatient engagement. J Hosp Med. 2014 Jun;9(6):396–399. doi: 10.1002/jhm.2169.
    1. Idriss Shereene Z, Kvedar Joseph C, Watson Alice J. The role of online support communities: benefits of expanded social networks to patients with psoriasis. Arch Dermatol. 2009 Jan;145(1):46–51. doi: 10.1001/archdermatol.2008.529.
    1. Lancioni Giulio E, Singh Nirbhay N, O'Reilly Mark F, Sigafoos Jeff, Ferlisi Gabriele, Ferrarese Giacomina, Zullo Valeria, Addante Luigi M, Spica Antonella, Oliva Doretta. Technology-aided programs for assisting communication and leisure engagement of persons with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: two single-case studies. Res Dev Disabil. 2012;33(5):1605–1614. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2012.03.028.
    1. Lester R, Ritvo P, Mills E, Kariri A, Karanja S, Chung M, Jack W, Habyarimana J, Sadatsafavi M, Najafzadeh M, Marra C, Estambale B, Ngugi E, Ball T, Thabane L, Gelmon L, Kimani J, Ackers M, Plummer F. Effects of a mobile phone short message service on antiretroviral treatment adherence in Kenya (WelTel Kenya1): a randomised trial. The Lancet. 2010 Nov 15;376(9755):1838–1845. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61997-6.
    1. Womble Leslie G, Wadden Thomas A, McGuckin Brian G, Sargent Stephanie L, Rothman Rebecca A, Krauthamer-Ewing E Stephanie. A randomized controlled trial of a commercial internet weight loss program. Obes Res. 2004 Jun;12(6):1011–1018. doi: 10.1038/oby.2004.124.
    1. Williamson Donald A, Walden Heather M, White Marney A, York-Crowe Emily, Newton Robert L, Alfonso Anthony, Gordon Stewart, Ryan Donna. Two-year internet-based randomized controlled trial for weight loss in African-American girls. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2006 Jul;14(7):1231–1243. doi: 10.1038/oby.2006.140.
    1. Phillips James H, Wigger Christine, Beissbarth Jemima, McCallum Gabrielle B, Leach Amanda, Morris Peter S. Can mobile phone multimedia messages and text messages improve clinic attendance for Aboriginal children with chronic otitis media? A randomised controlled trial. J Paediatr Child Health. 2014 May;50(5):362–367. doi: 10.1111/jpc.12496.
    1. Schweier Rebecca, Romppel Matthias, Richter Cynthia, Hoberg Eike, Hahmann Harry, Scherwinski Inge, Kosmützky Gregor, Grande Gesine. A web-based peer-modeling intervention aimed at lifestyle changes in patients with coronary heart disease and chronic back pain: sequential controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2014;16(7):e177. doi: 10.2196/jmir.3434.
    1. Habibović Mirela, Cuijpers Pim, Alings Marco, van der Voort Pepijn, Theuns Dominic, Bouwels Leon, Herrman Jean-Paul, Valk Suzanne, Pedersen Susanne. Attrition and adherence in a WEB-Based Distress Management Program for Implantable Cardioverter defibrillator Patients (WEBCARE): randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2014;16(2):e52. doi: 10.2196/jmir.2809.
    1. McInnes D Keith, Solomon Jeffrey L, Shimada Stephanie L, Petrakis Beth A, Bokhour Barbara G, Asch Steven M, Nazi Kim M, Houston Thomas K, Gifford Allen L. Development and evaluation of an internet and personal health record training program for low-income patients with HIV or hepatitis C. Med Care. 2013 Mar;51(3 Suppl 1):S62–66. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0b013e31827808bf.
    1. Kim Hee-Seung, Song Min-Sun. Technological intervention for obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Appl Nurs Res. 2008 May;21(2):84–89. doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2007.01.007.
    1. Delbanco T, Walker J, Bell SK, Darer JD, Elmore JG, Farag N, Feldman HJ, Mejilla R, Ngo L, Ralston JD, Ross SE, Trivedi N, Vodicka E, Leveille SG. Inviting Patients to Read Their Doctors' Notes: Patients and Doctors Look Ahead. Ann Intern Med. 2011 Apr;155(12):818–819. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-155-12-201112200-00003.
    1. Nordgreen T, Standal B, Mannes H, Haug T, Sivertsen B, Carlbring P, Andersson G, Heiervang E, Havik O. Guided self-help via internet for panic disorder: Dissemination across countries. Computers in Human Behavior. 2010 Jul;26(4):592–596. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2009.12.011.
    1. Riley WT, Rivera DE, Atienza A, Nilsen W, Allison SM, Mermelstein R. Health behavior models in the age of mobile interventions: are our theories up to the task? Transl Behav Med. 2011;1(1):53–71. doi: 10.1007/s13142-011-0021-7.

Source: PubMed

Sponsorit ja yhteistyökumppanit

Sairaudet

Huumeiden interventiot

3
Tilaa