Human microbiome: an academic update on human body site specific surveillance and its possible role

Elakshi Dekaboruah, Mangesh Vasant Suryavanshi, Dixita Chettri, Anil Kumar Verma, Elakshi Dekaboruah, Mangesh Vasant Suryavanshi, Dixita Chettri, Anil Kumar Verma

Abstract

Human body is inhabited by vast number of microorganisms which form a complex ecological community and influence the human physiology, in the aspect of both health and diseases. These microbes show a relationship with the human immune system based on coevolution and, therefore, have a tremendous potential to contribute to the metabolic function, protection against the pathogen and in providing nutrients and energy. However, of these microbes, many carry out some functions that play a crucial role in the host physiology and may even cause diseases. The introduction of new molecular technologies such as transcriptomics, metagenomics and metabolomics has contributed to the upliftment on the findings of the microbiome linked to the humans in the recent past. These rapidly developing technologies are boosting our capacity to understand about the human body-associated microbiome and its association with the human health. The highlights of this review are inclusion of how to derive microbiome data and the interaction between human and associated microbiome to provide an insight on the role played by the microbiome in biological processes of the human body as well as the development of major human diseases.

Keywords: Human microbiome; Metabolomics; Metagenomics; Microbiota.

Conflict of interest statement

The author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Illustration of different available methods to answer the questions related to the human associated microbiome analyses. Arrow indicating the different questions and, other side their equivalent methods to get respective answers mentioned. The questions such as a who are there in? b What they are doing in? c How they are performing to the ecosystem?
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Pictorial representation of major recent developments in studying the link between the gut microbiome and its impact over the host-associated health and disease attributes
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Graphical representation of major steps involved in most widely accepted genomics approach for human associated microbiome studies

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