Nutraceuticals in the Management of Dyslipidemia: Which, When, and for Whom? Could Nutraceuticals Help Low-Risk Individuals with Non-optimal Lipid Levels?

Arrigo F G Cicero, Federica Fogacci, Anca Pantea Stoian, Michal Vrablik, Khalid Al Rasadi, Maciej Banach, Peter P Toth, Manfredi Rizzo, Arrigo F G Cicero, Federica Fogacci, Anca Pantea Stoian, Michal Vrablik, Khalid Al Rasadi, Maciej Banach, Peter P Toth, Manfredi Rizzo

Abstract

Purpose of review: The aim of this review is to summarize the available clinical efficacy and safety data related to the most studied and used lipid-lowering nutraceuticals.

Recent findings: A growing number of meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials supports the effectiveness and tolerability of some lipid-lowering nutraceuticals such as red yeast rice, plant sterols and stanols, soluble fibers, berberine, artichoke extracts, bergamot polyphenol fraction, garlic, green tea, and spiruline. No significant safety concern has been raised for the use of such products. Association of more lipid-lowering nutraceuticals and of some nutraceuticals with lipid-lowering drugs has been tested as well. Current evidence suggests that some clinically tested lipid-lowering nutraceuticals could be safely used to improve plasma lipid levels in subjects affected by mild-to-moderate dyslipidaemia with low cardiovascular risk.

Keywords: Cholesterol; Dietary supplements; Efficacy; Low-density lipoproteins; Nutraceuticals; Safety.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the current research was conducted independently, in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Arrigo F.G. Cicero has received grants from Meda-Mylan SpA, Menarini IFR SpA and Sharper SpA. Federica Fogacci received grants from Meda-Mylan SpA and Neogen SpA. Anca Pantea Stoian is currently Vice President of Romanian National Diabetes Committee, and she has given lectures, received honoraria and research support, and participated in conferences, advisory boards and clinical trials sponsored by many companies including AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Medtronic, Eli Lilly, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Novartis, Roche Diagnostics, and Sanofi. Maciej Banach is in the speakers bureau for Amgen, Daichii Sankyo, Esperion, Herbapol, KRKA, MSD, Mylan, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi-Aventis, Servier; consultant to Abbott Vascular, Akcea, Amgen, Daichii Sankyo, Esperion, Lilly, MSD, Resverlogix, Sanofi-Aventis; received grants from Amgen, Mylan, Sanofi, and Valeant. Peter P. Toth is a member of the speakers bureau for Amarin, Amgen, Esperion, and Novo Nordisk; he is a consultant to Amarin, Amgen, Kowa, Merck, Resverlogix, and Theravance. Manfredi Rizzo is full-time Professor of Internal Medicine at University of Palermo, Italy, and currently Medical Director, Novo Nordisk Eastern Europe; he has given lectures, received honoraria and research support, and participated in conferences, advisory boards, and clinical trials sponsored by many pharmaceutical companies including Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Kowa, Eli Lilly, Meda, Mylan, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Novo Nordisk, Novartis, Roche Diagnostics, Sanofi, and Servier. None of the above companies had any role in this article, which was written independently, without any financial or professional help, and reflects only the opinion of the authors, without any role of the industry.

© 2021. The Author(s).

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Possible lipid-lowering nutraceuticals and drugs association to improve plasma lipid control in humans

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Source: PubMed

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