Longitudinal association of actigraphy-assessed sleep with physical growth in the first 6 months of life

Xiaoyu Li, Sebastien Haneuse, Michael Rueschman, Emily R Kaplan, Xinting Yu, Kirsten K Davison, Susan Redline, Elsie M Taveras, Xiaoyu Li, Sebastien Haneuse, Michael Rueschman, Emily R Kaplan, Xinting Yu, Kirsten K Davison, Susan Redline, Elsie M Taveras

Abstract

Study objectives: Suboptimal sleep is associated with obesity and its sequelae in children and adults. However, few studies have examined the association between sleep and physical growth in infants who experience rapid changes in sleep/wake patterns. We examined the longitudinal association of changes in objectively assessed sleep/wake patterns with changes in growth between ages 1 and 6 months.

Methods: We studied 298 full-term infants in the longitudinal Rise & SHINE cohort study. Changes from 1 and 6 months in nighttime sleep duration, wake after sleep onset (WASO), and number of waking bouts ≥5 min were assessed using ankle actigraphy. Overweight was defined as age- and sex-specific weight for length ≥95th percentile. Generalized estimating equation analyses adjusted for infants' and mothers' characteristics.

Results: The mean (SD) birth weight was 3.4 (0.4) kg; 48.7% were boys. In multivariable adjusted models, each 1-h increase in nighttime sleep duration between months 1 and 6 was associated with a 26% decrease in the odds of overweight from 1 to 6 months (odds ratio [OR] = 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI, 0.56, 0.98]). Each 1-unit decrease in number of waking bouts was associated with a 16% decrease in the odds of overweight (OR = 0.84; 95% CI [0.72, 0.98]). Changes in WASO were not associated with the odds of overweight.

Conclusions: Greater increases in nighttime sleep duration and more consolidation of nighttime sleep were associated with lower odds of overweight from 1 to 6 months. Adverse sleep patterns as early as infancy may contribute to excess adiposity.

Keywords: actigraphy; infant; physical growth; sleep.

© Sleep Research Society 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Sleep Research Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Nighttime sleep measures at 1 month and at 6 months.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Unadjusted relationships of changes in nighttime sleep measures and overweight prevalence at 6 months. aOverweight was defined as age- and sex-specific WFL percentile ≥95th.

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