Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale (HK-LS): a study on development, validity and reliability

Sultan Baliz Erkoc, Burhanettin Isikli, Selma Metintas, Cemalettin Kalyoncu, Sultan Baliz Erkoc, Burhanettin Isikli, Selma Metintas, Cemalettin Kalyoncu

Abstract

This study was conducted to develop a scale to measure knowledge about hypertension among Turkish adults. The Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale (HK-LS) was generated based on content, face, and construct validity, internal consistency, test re-test reliability, and discriminative validity procedures. The final scale had 22 items with six sub-dimensions. The scale was applied to 457 individuals aged ≥ 18 years, and 414 of them were re-evaluated for test-retest reliability. The six sub-dimensions encompassed 60.3% of the total variance. Cronbach alpha coefficients were 0.82 for the entire scale and 0.92, 0.59, 0.67, 0.77, 0.72, and 0.76 for the sub-dimensions of definition, medical treatment, drug compliance, lifestyle, diet, and complications, respectively. The scale ensured internal consistency in reliability and construct validity, as well as stability over time. Significant relationships were found between knowledge score and age, gender, educational level, and history of hypertension of the participants. No correlation was found between knowledge score and working at an income-generating job. The present scale, developed to measure the knowledge level of hypertension among Turkish adults, was found to be valid and reliable.

Keywords: hypertension; knowledge; reliability; scale; validity.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Scatter plot of the HK-LS test-retest scores.

References

    1. United Nations, General Assembly. Political declaration of the High-level Meeting of the General Assembly on the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases; Proceedings of Sixty-Sixth Session Agenda, Item 117. Follow-up to the Outcome of the Millennium Summit; New York, USA. 19–20 September 2011.
    1. Kearney P.M., Whelton M., Reynolds K., Muntner P., Whelton P.K., He J. Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data. Lancet. 2005;365:217–223.
    1. Lawes C.M.M., Hoorn S.V., Rodgers A. Global burden of blood-pressure-related disease, 2001. Lancet. 2008;371:1513–1518.
    1. Sabouhi F., Babaee S., Naji H., Zade A.H. Knowledge, awareness, attitudes and practice about hypertension in hypertensive patients referring to public health care centers in Khoor & Biabanak 2009. Iran. J. Nurs. Midwifery Res. 2011;16:35–41.
    1. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health, Directorate General Primary Health Care Services. Prevention and Control Program for Cardiovascular Diseases in Turkey: Strategic Plan and Action Plan for the Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Prevention (2010–2014) [(accessed on 16 March 2012)]. Available online: .
    1. Altun B., Arici M., Nergizoğlu G., Derici U., Karatan O., Turgan C., Sindel S., Erbay B., Hasanoğlu E., Cağlar S. Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Turkey (The PatenT Study) in 2003. J. Hypertens. 2005;23:1817–1823.
    1. Ministry of Health Refik Saydam Hygiene Center Presidency School of Public Health Ankara; [(accessed on 13 October 2011)]. National Burden of Disease and Cost Effectiveness Project. Cost Effectiveness Final Report December 2004. Available online: .
    1. Huang S., Hu X., Chen H., Xie D., Gan X., Wu Y., Nie S., Wu J. The positive effect of an intervention program on the hypertension knowledge and lifestyles of rural residents over the age of 35 years in an area of China. Hypertens. Res. 2011;34:503–508.
    1. Sanne S., Muntner P., Kawasaki L., Hyre A., DeSalvo K.B. Hypertension knowledge among patients from an urban clinic. Ethn. Dis. 2008;18:42–47.
    1. Magadza C., Radloff S.E., Srinivas S.C. The effect of an educational intervention on patients’ knowledge about hypertension, beliefs about medicines, and adherence. Res. Soc. Adm. Pharm. 2009;5:363–375.
    1. Victor R.G., Kaplan N.M. Systemic Hypertension: Mechanisms and diagnosis. In: Libby P., Bonow R.O., Mann D.L., Zipes D.P., editors. Braunwald’s Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 8th. W.B. Saunders Company; Philadelphia, USA: 2007. pp. 1027–1048.
    1. Carter-Edwards L., Jackson S.A., Runaldue M.J., Svetkey L.P. Diet- and blood pressure-related knowledge, attitudes, and hypertension prevalence among African Americans: The KDBP Study. Knowledge of Diet and Blood Pressure. Ethn. Dis. 2002;12:S1:72–S1:82.
    1. Martins D., Gor D., Teklehaimanot S., Norris K. High blood pressure knowledge in an urban African-American community. Ethn. Dis. 2001;11:90–96.
    1. Turkish Society of Cardiology. A guide for National Hypertension Treatment and Follow-up. [(accessed on 13 October 2011)]. Available online: .
    1. Chobanian A.V., Bakris G.L., Black H.R., Cushman W.C., Green L.A., Izzo J.L., Jones D.W., Materson B.J., Oparil S., Wright J.T., Jr., et al. Seventh report of the joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. Hypertension. 2003;42:1206–1252. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000107251.49515.c2.
    1. World Health Organization: International Society of Hypertension Writing Group. 2003 World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension (ISH) statement on management of hypertension. J. Hypertens. 2003;21:1983–1992. doi: 10.1097/00004872-200311000-00002.
    1. The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension. J. Hypertens. 2007;25:1105–1187. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e3281fc975a.
    1. Williams B., Poulter N.R., Brown M.J., Davis M., McInnes G.T., Potter J.F., Sever P.S., Thom S.M. Guidelines for management of hypertension: Report of the fourth working party of the British Hypertension Society, 2004—BHS IV. J. Hum. Hypertens. 2004;18:139–185.
    1. Iyalomhe G.B.S., Iyalomhe S.I. Hypertension-related knowledge, attitudes and life-style practices among hypertensive patients in a sub-urban Nigerian community. J. Public Health Epidemiol. 2010;2:71–77.
    1. Oliveria S.A., Chen R.S., McCarthy B.D., Davis C.C., Hill M.N. Hypertension knowledge, awareness, and attitudes in a hypertensive population. J. Gen. Intern. Med. 2005;20:219–225.
    1. Alexander M., Gordon N.P., Davis C.C., Chen R.S. Patient knowledge and awareness of hypertension is suboptimal: Results from a large health maintenance organization. J. Clin. Hypertens. 2003;5:254–260.
    1. Buyukkaya Besen D., Esen A. The adaptation of the acceptance of illness scale to the diabetic patients in turkish society. TAF Prev. Med. Bull. 2011;10:155–164.
    1. Cam M.O., Baysan Arabaci L. Qualitative and quantitative steps on attitude scale construction. Turkish J. Res. Dev. Nurs. 2010;2:59–71.
    1. Arikan I., Metintas S., Kalyoncu C., Yildiz Z. The Cardiovascular Disease Risk Faktors Knowledge Level (CARRF-KL) Scale: A validity and reliability study. Turk. Kardiyol. Dern. Ars. 2009;37:35–40.
    1. Oskay E.M., Onsuz M.F., Topuzoglu A. Assesment of hypertension knowledge, attitude and throught of policyclinic patients at a primary health care center in Izmir. J. Adnan Menderes Univ. Med. Fac. 2010;11:3–9.
    1. Ercan I., Kan I. Reliability and validity in the scales. J. Uludağ Univ. Med. Fac. 2004;30:211–216.

Source: PubMed

Sponsorit ja yhteistyökumppanit

Sairaudet

Huumeiden interventiot

3
Tilaa