The "One Piece" Autologous Tuberosity Graft: A Contemporary Concept in Ridge Preservation

Ronald Younes, Carla Maria Khairallah, Ronald Younes, Carla Maria Khairallah

Abstract

Tooth extraction causes major changes to the ridge, rendering implant placement a more challenging procedure. Proper management of the socket is necessary to ensure sufficient bone and soft tissue for a successful implant-supported prosthesis. This article presents a practical approach for autologous hard and soft tissue grafting. A soft and hard tissue graft is harvested in one piece from the maxillary tuberosity and stabilized in the extraction socket.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Copyright © 2020 Ronald Younes and Carla Maria Khairallah.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Measurements of the socket with a periodontal probe: (a) mesio-distal; (b) bucco-lingual.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The “one-piece” tuberosity graft harvest.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Fitting of the graft.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a) Placement of the graft in the socket; (b) graft stabilized with 6/0 absorbable sutures.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Follow-up 3 weeks post-op: (a) grafted site; (b) donor site.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Implant placement after 4 months.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Occlusal view of the lower left second premolar site: (a) before the extraction; (b) 4 months post-op.
Figure 8
Figure 8
CBCT sagittal view with an illustration of radiological measurements: (a) Before the extraction; (b) 4 months post-op (vertical difference of bone levels; horizontal bone width at 2, 4, and 6 mm; soft tissue thickness at the buccal side).

References

    1. Tan W. L., Wong T. L. T., Wong M. C. M., Lang N. P. A systematic review of post-extractional alveolar hard and soft tissue dimensional changes in humans. Clinical Oral Implants Research. 2012;23:1–21. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2011.02375.x.
    1. Schropp L., Wenzel A., Kostopoulos L., Karring T. Bone healing and soft tissue contour changes following single-tooth extraction: a clinical and radiographic 12-month prospective study. The International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry. 2003;23(4):313–323.
    1. El Chaar E., Oshman S., Fallah A. P. Single-rooted extraction sockets: classification and treatment protocol. Compendium of continuing education in dentistry (Jamesburg, N.J.: 1995) 2016;37(8):537–541.
    1. Mello C. C., Lemos C. A. A., Verri F. R., dos Santos D. M., Goiato M. C., Pellizzer E. P. Immediate implant placement into fresh extraction sockets versus delayed implants into healed sockets: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2017;46(9):1162–1177. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.03.016.
    1. Tonetti M. S., Cortellini P., Graziani F., et al. Immediate versus delayed implant placement after anterior single tooth extraction: the timing randomized controlled clinical trial. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 2017;44(2):215–224. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12666.
    1. Antetomaso J., Kumar S. Survival rate of delayed implants placed in healed extraction sockets is significantly higher than that of immediate implants placed in fresh extraction sockets. The Journal of Evidence-Based Dental Practice. 2018;18(1):76–78. doi: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2017.12.003.
    1. Chrcanovic B. R., Albrektsson T., Wennerberg A. Dental implants inserted in fresh extraction sockets versus healed sites: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Dentistry. 2015;43(1):16–41. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.11.007.
    1. Iorio-Siciliano V., Blasi A., Nicolò M., Iorio-Siciliano A., Riccitiello F., Ramaglia L. Clinical outcomes of socket preservation using bovine-derived xenograft collagen and collagen membrane post–tooth extraction: a 6-month randomized controlled clinical trial. The International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry. 2017;37(5):e290–e296. doi: 10.11607/prd.2474.
    1. Barone A., Ricci M., Tonelli P., Santini S., Covani U. Tissue changes of extraction sockets in humans: a comparison of spontaneous healing vs. ridge preservation with secondary soft tissue healing. Clinical Oral Implants Research. 2013;24(11):1231–1237. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2012.02535.x.
    1. Iasella J. M., Greenwell H., Miller R. L., et al. Ridge preservation with freeze-dried bone allograft and a collagen membrane compared to extraction alone for implant site development: a clinical and histologic study in humans. Journal of Periodontology. 2003;74(7):990–999. doi: 10.1902/jop.2003.74.7.990.
    1. Spinato S., Galindo-Moreno P., Zaffe D., Bernardello F., Soardi C. M. Is socket healing conditioned by buccal plate thickness? A clinical and histologic study 4 months after mineralized human bone allografting. Clinical Oral Implants Research. 2014;25(2):e120–e126. doi: 10.1111/clr.12073.
    1. Crespi R., Capparè P., Gherlone E. Comparison of magnesium-enriched hydroxyapatite and porcine bone in human extraction socket healing: a histologic and histomorphometric evaluation. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants. 2011;26(5):1057–1062.
    1. Fiorellini J. P., Howell T. H., Cochran D., et al. Randomized study evaluating recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 for extraction socket augmentation. Journal of Periodontology. 2005;76(4):605–613. doi: 10.1902/jop.2005.76.4.605.
    1. Pelegrine A. A., da Costa C. E. S., Correa M. E. P., Marques J. F. C. Clinical and histomorphometric evaluation of extraction sockets treated with an autologous bone marrow graft. Clinical Oral Implants Research. 2010;21(5):535–542. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2009.01891.x.
    1. Araújo M. G., Lindhe J. Socket grafting with the use of autologous bone: an experimental study in the dog. Clinical Oral Implants Research. 2011;22(1):9–13. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2010.01937.x.
    1. Alissa R., Esposito M., Horner K., Oliver R. The influence of platelet-rich plasma on the healing of extraction sockets: an explorative randomised clinical trial. European Journal of Oral Implantology. 2010;3(2):121–134.
    1. Temmerman A., Vandessel J., Castro A., et al. The use of leucocyte and platelet-rich fibrin in socket management and ridge preservation: a split-mouth, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 2016;43(11):990–999. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12612.
    1. Karaca Ç., Er N., Gülşahı A., Köseoğlu O. T. Alveolar ridge preservation with a free gingival graft in the anterior maxilla: volumetric evaluation in a randomized clinical trial. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2015;44(6):774–780. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2015.01.015.
    1. Jambhekar S., Kernen F., Bidra A. S. Clinical and histologic outcomes of socket grafting after flapless tooth extraction: a systematic review of randomized controlled clinical trials. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2015;113(5):371–382. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2014.12.009.
    1. Chan H.-L., Lin G.-H., Fu J.-H., Wang H.-L. Alterations in bone quality after socket preservation with grafting materials: a systematic review. The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants. 2013;28(3):710–720. doi: 10.11607/jomi.2913.
    1. Traini T., Valentini P., Iezzi G., Piattelli A. A histologic and histomorphometric evaluation of anorganic bovine bone retrieved 9 years after a sinus augmentation procedure. Journal of Periodontology. 2007;78(5):955–961. doi: 10.1902/jop.2007.060308.
    1. Bassil J., Senni K., Changotade S., et al. Expression of MMP-2, 9 and 13 in newly formed bone after sinus augmentation using inorganic bovine bone in human. Journal of Periodontal Research. 2011;46(6):756–762. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01400.x.
    1. Ayna M., Açil Y., Gulses A. Fate of a bovine-derived xenograft in maxillary sinus floor elevation after 14 years: histologic and radiologic analysis. The International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry. 2015;35(4):541–547. doi: 10.11607/prd.2135.
    1. Jensen S. S., Broggini N., Hjorting-Hansen E., Schenk R., Buser D. Bone healing and graft resorption of autograft, anorganic bovine bone and beta-tricalcium phosphate. A histologic and histomorphometric study in the mandibles of minipigs. Clinical Oral Implants Research. 2006;17(3):237–243. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2005.01257.x.
    1. Avila-Ortiz G., Chambrone L., Vignoletti F. Effect of alveolar ridge preservation interventions following tooth extraction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 2019;46:195–223. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.13057.
    1. Vignoletti F., Matesanz P., Rodrigo D., Figuero E., Martin C., Sanz M. Surgical protocols for ridge preservation after tooth extraction. A systematic review. Clinical Oral Implants Research. 2012;23:22–38. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2011.02331.x.
    1. Iocca O., Farcomeni A., Pardiñas Lopez S., Talib H. S. Alveolar ridge preservation after tooth extraction: a Bayesian network meta-analysis of grafting materials efficacy on prevention of bone height and width reduction. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 2017;44(1):104–114. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12633.
    1. MacBeth N., Trullenque-Eriksson A., Donos N., Mardas N. Hard and soft tissue changes following alveolar ridge preservation: a systematic review. Clinical Oral Implants Research. 2017;28(8):982–1004. doi: 10.1111/clr.12911.
    1. Vittorini Orgeas G., Clementini M., De Risi V., de Sanctis M. Surgical techniques for alveolar socket preservation: a systematic review. The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants. 2013;28(4):1049–1061. doi: 10.11607/jomi.2670.
    1. Kubilius M., Kubilius R., Gleiznys A. The preservation of alveolar bone ridge during tooth extraction. Stomatologija. 2012;14(1):3–11.
    1. Lee J., Lee J.-B., Koo K.-T., Seol Y.-J., Lee Y.-M. Flap management in alveolar ridge preservation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants. 2018;33(3):613–621. doi: 10.11607/jomi.6368.
    1. Araujo M. G., Lindhe J. Dimensional ridge alterations following tooth extraction. An experimental study in the dog. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 2005;32(2):212–218. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2005.00642.x.
    1. Rabelo G. D., de Paula P. M., Rocha F. S., Jordão Silva C., Zanetta-Barbosa D. Retrospective study of bone grafting procedures before implant placement. Implant Dentistry. 2010;19(4):342–350. doi: 10.1097/ID.0b013e3181e416f9.
    1. Gapski R., Satheesh K., Cobb C. M. Histomorphometric analysis of bone density in the maxillary tuberosity of cadavers: a pilot study. Journal of Periodontology. 2006;77(6):1085–1090. doi: 10.1902/jop.2006.050118.
    1. Reininger D., Cobo-Vazquez C., Rosenberg B., Lopez-Quiles J. Alternative intraoral donor sites to the chin and mandibular body-ramus. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry. 2017;9(12):e1474–e1481. doi: 10.4317/jced.54372.
    1. Tolstunov L. Maxillary tuberosity block bone graft: innovative technique and case report. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2009;67(8):1723–1729. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2009.03.043.
    1. Khojasteh A., Nazeman P., Tolstunov L. Tuberosity-alveolar block as a donor site for localised augmentation of the maxilla: a retrospective clinical study. The British Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 2016;54(8):950–955. doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2016.06.018.
    1. Sugg K. B., Rosenthal A. H., Ozaki W. Quantitative comparison of volume maintenance between inlay and onlay bone grafts in the craniofacial skeleton. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2013;131(5):1014–1021. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e31828e217a.
    1. Amin P. Tuberosity versus palatal donor sites for soft tissue grafting: a split-mouth clinical study. Quintessence International. 2018;7:589–598.
    1. Harris R. J. Histologic evaluation of connective tissue grafts in humans. The International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry. 2003;23(6):575–583.
    1. da Rosa J. C. M., Rosa A. C., da Rosa D. M., Zardo C. M. Immediate dentoalveolar restoration of compromised sockets: a novel technique. The European Journal of Esthetic Dentistry. 2013;8(3):432–443.
    1. da Rosa J. C. M., Rosa A. C., Fadanelli M. A., Sotto-Maior B. S. Immediate implant placement, reconstruction of compromised sockets, and repair of gingival recession with a triple graft from the maxillary tuberosity: a variation of the immediate dentoalveolar restoration technique. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2014;112(4):717–722. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2014.03.020.

Source: PubMed

3
Tilaa