Low levels of serum magnesium are associated with poststroke cognitive impairment in ischemic stroke patients

Xinjie Tu, Huihua Qiu, Shasha Lin, Weilei He, Guiqian Huang, Xingru Zhang, Yuemin Wu, Jincai He, Xinjie Tu, Huihua Qiu, Shasha Lin, Weilei He, Guiqian Huang, Xingru Zhang, Yuemin Wu, Jincai He

Abstract

Purpose: Population-based studies have revealed a high prevalence of cognitive impairment after stroke. We aimed to determine the impact of serum magnesium (Mg2+) levels on the occurrence of poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI).

Patients and methods: Acute ischemic stroke patients (n = 327) were enrolled in our study and serum Mg2+ levels were assessed on admission. The cognitive performance of each patient was evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at a 1-month follow-up visit.

Results: One hundred five (32.1%) patients were diagnosed with PSCI at 1-month poststroke. The serum Mg2+ levels in both the PSCI group and the non-PSCI group were significantly lower than those in normal control group (P<0.001). In addition, the PSCI group had lower levels of serum Mg2+ compared to the non-PSCI group (P=0.003). In the binary logistic regression analysis, a serum Mg2+ level of ≤0.82 mmol/L was significantly associated with an increased risk of developing PSCI by the 1-month follow-up (OR 2.236, 95% CI 1.232-4.058, P=0.008), as was age (OR 1.043, 95% CI 1.014-1.073, P=0.003).

Conclusion: Our results demonstrate the existence of a significant association between low levels of serum Mg2+ and the occurrence of PSCI 1-month poststroke, and these results suggest that low levels of serum Mg2+ on admission may serve as a risk factor for developing PSCI by 1-month poststroke.

Keywords: cognition; magnesium; risk factor; stroke.

Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Study recruitment profile. Abbreviation: PSCI, poststroke cognitive impairment.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Comparisons of serum Mg2+ levels in patients with PSCI and non-PSCI. Notes: In the box-and-whisker plots, the horizontal line in the middle of each box indicates the median value; the lower and upper ends of the box represent the 25th and 75th percentiles, and the peripheral lines extending to the outer fences represent 10th and 90th percentiles, respectively. **P<0.01 compared with the non-PSCI group via the Mann–Whitney U-test. Abbreviations: Mg2+, magnesium; PSCI, poststroke cognitive impairment.

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