Change of the duodenal mucosa-associated microbiota is related to intestinal metaplasia

Jian Gong, Lixiang Li, Xiuli Zuo, Yanqing Li, Jian Gong, Lixiang Li, Xiuli Zuo, Yanqing Li

Abstract

Background: In this study, we aimed to investigate the characteristics of the duodenal mucosal microbiota of patients with intestinal metaplasia (IM) and compare it with those of the gastric mucosal microbiota.

Method: We collected the duodenal and gastric mucosal samples from 10 adult patients with IM and 10 healthy controls (HC). The V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was examined by high throughput sequencing method.

Results: The diversity of the HC duodenal microbiota was higher than that of IM patient based on the Shannon and Simpson index while the Chao indices of IM duodenal mucosal microbiota was significantly higher than that of gastric mucosal microbiota of patients with IM. There was a marked difference in the duodenal microbiota structure between patients with IM and HC (ANOSIM, R = 1, P = 0.001). We also found that the Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric mucosa did not influence the structure of duodenal mucosal microbiota. The gastric mucosal microbiota structure significantly differed between patients with IM and HC who were H. pylori-negative (ANOSIM, R = 0.452, P = 0.042) or H. pylori-positive (ANOSIM, R = 0.548, P = 0.003), respectively. For duodenal mucosal microbiota, genera Lactococcus, Flavobacterium, Psychrobacter, Mysroides, Enhydrobacter, Streptococcus, and Leuconostoc were enriched in patients with IM. In contrast, genera Bacillus, Solibacillus, Lysinibacillus, Exiguobacterium, Oceanobacillus, and Paenibacillus were enriched in HC.

Conclusion: A marked dysbiosis duodenal mucosal microbiota in patients with IM was observed, and this dysbiosis might be responsible for IM pathogenesis.

Keywords: Duodenal microbiota; Dysbiosis; Helicobacter pylori; Intestinal metaplasia.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The α-diversity of the gut microbiota in HSP and control. Unpaired t-test were used for comparing the Ace and Shannon index. *, P<0.05; **, P<0.01, ***, P<0.001
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
PCoA analysis of the microbiota among IM and HC. a, Comparison of the duodenal and gastric microbiota. Green circle, gastric samples with HP infection; red circle, duodenal and gastric sample of HC; blue circle, duodenal and gastric sample of IM. HCD, duodenal samples of HC; HCG, gastric sample of HC; IMG, gastric sample of HC; IMD, duodenal samples of IM. b, The influence of HP infection in duodenal microbiota. IMD duodenal samples of IM without HP infection; IMDHP, duodenal samples of IM with HP infection; HC, duodenal samples of HC without HP infection; HCHP, duodenal samples of HC with HP infection
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The relative taxa abundance between IM and HC. a, relative taxa abundance in phylum level; b, relative taxa abundance genus level; c, comparison of relative taxa abundance of genus level
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
The most differentially abundant taxa between IM and HC based on LEfSe analysis. a The most differentially abundant taxa between IM and HC in duodenal microbiota. b The most differentially abundant taxa between IM and HC in duodenal and gastric microbiota. c The most differentially abundant taxa between duodenal and gastric microbiota in IM patients. d The most differentially abundant taxa between duodenal and gastric microbiota in HC

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