Novel Perspectives Regarding the Pathology, Inflammation, and Biomarkers of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Pradeesh Sivapalan, Barbara Bonnesen, Jens-Ulrik Jensen, Pradeesh Sivapalan, Barbara Bonnesen, Jens-Ulrik Jensen

Abstract

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an acute inflammation of the lung resulting from damage to the alveolar-capillary membrane, and it is diagnosed using a combination of clinical and physiological variables. ARDS develops in approximately 10% of hospitalised patients with pneumonia and has a mortality rate of approximately 40%. Recent research has identified several biomarkers associated with ARDS pathophysiology, and these may be useful for diagnosing and monitoring ARDS. They may also highlight potential therapeutic targets. This review summarises our current understanding of those clinical biomarkers: (1) biomarkers of alveolar and bronchiolar injury, (2) biomarkers of endothelial damage and coagulation, and (3) biomarkers for treatment responses.

Keywords: acute respiratory distress syndrome; biomarkers; inflammation; molecular pathway; therapeutics.

Conflict of interest statement

All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, describing any conflicts of interest. None of the authors have any conflicts of interest that are directly related to this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Biomarkers of acute respiratory distress syndrome organised in alveolar/bronchiolar damage, inflammatory response, coagulation, and endothelial damage.

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