Indications, results, and clinical impact of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided sampling in gastroenterology: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Clinical Guideline - Updated January 2017

Abstract

For pancreatic solid lesions, ESGE recommends performing endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided sampling as first-line procedure when a pathological diagnosis is required. Alternatively, percutaneous sampling may be considered in metastatic disease.Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence.In the case of negative or inconclusive results and a high degree of suspicion of malignant disease, ESGE suggests re-evaluating the pathology slides, repeating EUS-guided sampling, or surgery.Weak recommendation, low quality evidence.In patients with chronic pancreatitis associated with a pancreatic mass, EUS-guided sampling results that do not confirm cancer should be interpreted with caution.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.For pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs), ESGE recommends EUS-guided sampling for biochemical analyses plus cytopathological examination if a precise diagnosis may change patient management, except for lesions ≤ 10 mm in diameter with no high risk stigmata. If the volume of PCL aspirate is small, it is recommended that carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level determination be done as the first analysis.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.For esophageal cancer, ESGE suggests performing EUS-guided sampling for the assessment of regional lymph nodes (LNs) in T1 (and, depending on local treatment policy, T2) adenocarcinoma and of lesions suspicious for metastasis such as distant LNs, left liver lobe lesions, and suspected peritoneal carcinomatosis.Weak recommendation, low quality evidence.For lymphadenopathy of unknown origin, ESGE recommends performing EUS-guided (or alternatively endobronchial ultrasound [EBUS]-guided) sampling if the pathological result is likely to affect patient management and no superficial lymphadenopathy is easily accessible.Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence.In the case of solid liver masses suspicious for metastasis, ESGE suggests performing EUS-guided sampling if the pathological result is likely to affect patient management, and (i) the lesion is poorly accessible/not detected at percutaneous imaging, or (ii) a sample obtained via the percutaneous route repeatedly yielded an inconclusive result.Weak recommendation, low quality evidence.

Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: S. Carrara has provided consultancy to Boston Scientific (since 2016) and to Olympus (since 2015). L. Czakó has received honoraria from Olympus (2014 to 2016). P. H. Deprez has provided consultancy to Boston Scientific and Olympus (both 2015 to 2017). P. Fockens has provided consultancy to Fujifilm, Olympus, Medtronic, Cook, and Boston Scientific (from 2016/2017). R. F. Havre has been provided by Samsung Medison with the use of an ultrasound scanner for research, from March to December 2017; he is a member of the Norwegian Society of Gastroenterology (since 2006). C. Jenssen’s department received a research grant of 4000 € from Novartis (2012 to 2015). A. Larghi has provided consultancy to Boston Scientific (2016 to 2017). J. E. van Hooft has received lecture fees from Medtronic (2014 to 2015) and consultancy fees from Boston Scientific (2014 to 2016); her department has received research grants from Cook Medical and Abbott (both 2014 to 2017). P. Vilmann provides consultancy to MediGlobe (from 1991 to 2019). G. P. Aithal, P. G. Arcidiacono, P. Bastos, J.-M. Dumonceau, G. Fernández-Esparrach, A. Ginès, C. Hassan, J. Iglesias-Garcia, M. Polkowski, and G. Vanbiervliet have no competing interests.

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