Osteopontin Links Myeloid Activation and Disease Progression in Systemic Sclerosis
Xia Gao, Guiquan Jia, Anna Guttman, Daryle J DePianto, Katrina B Morshead, Kai-Hui Sun, Nandhini Ramamoorthi, Jason A Vander Heiden, Zora Modrusan, Paul J Wolters, Angelika Jahreis, Joseph R Arron, Dinesh Khanna, Thirumalai R Ramalingam, Xia Gao, Guiquan Jia, Anna Guttman, Daryle J DePianto, Katrina B Morshead, Kai-Hui Sun, Nandhini Ramamoorthi, Jason A Vander Heiden, Zora Modrusan, Paul J Wolters, Angelika Jahreis, Joseph R Arron, Dinesh Khanna, Thirumalai R Ramalingam
Abstract
Progressive lung fibrosis is a major cause of mortality in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We demonstrate that immune complexes (ICs) activate human monocytes to promote lung fibroblast migration partly via osteopontin (OPN) secretion, which is amplified by autocrine monocyte colony stimulating factor (MCSF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) activity. Bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing demonstrate that elevated OPN expression in SSc lung tissue is enriched in macrophages, partially overlapping with CCL18 expression. Serum OPN is elevated in SSc patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and prognosticates future lung function deterioration in SSc cohorts. Serum OPN levels decrease following tocilizumab (monoclonal anti-IL-6 receptor) treatment, confirming the connection between IL-6 and OPN in SSc patients. Collectively, these data suggest a plausible link between autoantibodies and lung fibrosis progression, where circulating OPN serves as a systemic proxy for IC-driven profibrotic macrophage activity, highlighting its potential as a promising biomarker in SSc ILD.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01532869 NCT02453256.
Keywords: IL-6; ILD; SPP1; SSc; biomarker; fibrosis; immune complex; macrophages; osteopontin; systemic sclerosis.
Conflict of interest statement
All authors except P.J.W. and D.K. are current or past employees of Genentech, a member of the Roche group, and may hold Roche stock or stock options. D.K. is a consultant to Actelion, Acceleron, Arena, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myer Squibb, CSL Behring, Corbus, Cytori, GSK, Genentech/ Roche, Galapagos, Merck, Mitsubishi Tanabi, and UCB. He has received grants as part of investigator-initiated trials (to the University of Michigan) from Bayer, Bristol-Myer Squibb, and Pfizer and has stock options in Eicos Sciences, Inc. A.J. is a former employee of Genentech and is now employed by Gilead Sciences (Foster City, CA, USA).
© 2020 The Author(s).
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