COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 pneumonia: a comparison

Chiara Di Mitri, Giuseppe Arcoleo, Emilia Mazzuca, Gaetana Camarda, Enzo Massimo Farinella, Maurizio Soresi, Antonio Carroccio, IMUSG, Chiara Di Mitri, Giuseppe Arcoleo, Emilia Mazzuca, Gaetana Camarda, Enzo Massimo Farinella, Maurizio Soresi, Antonio Carroccio, IMUSG

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused the relocation of huge financial resources to departments dedicated to infected patients, at the expense of those suffering from other pathologies.

Aim: To compare clinical features and outcomes in COVID-19 pneumonia and non-COVID-19 pneumonia patients.

Patients and methods: 53 patients (35 males, mean age 61.5 years) with COVID-19 pneumonia and 50 patients (32 males, mean age 72.7 years) with non-COVID-19 pneumonia, consecutively admitted between March and May 2020 were included. Clinical, laboratory and radiological data at admission were analyzed. Duration of hospitalization and mortality rates were evaluated.

Results: Among the non-COVID patients, mean age, presence of comorbidities (neurological diseases, chronic kidney disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), Charlson Comorbidity Index and risk factors (tobacco use and protracted length of stay in geriatric healthcare facilities) were higher than in COVID patients. The non-COVID-19 pneumonia group showed a higher (24% vs. 17%), although not statistically significant in-hospital mortality rate; the average duration of hospitalization was longer for COVID patients (30 vs. 9 days, p = .0001).

Conclusions: In the early stages of the COVID pandemic, our centre noted no statistical difference in unadjusted in-hospital mortality between COVID and non-COVID patients. Non-COVID patients had higher Charlson Comorbidity Scores, reflecting a greater disease burden in this population.Key MessagesIn March 2020, the COVID-19 disease was declared a pandemic, with enormous consequences for the organization of health systems and in terms of human lives; this has caused the relocation of huge financial resources to departments dedicated to infected patients, at the expense of those suffering from other pathologies.Few published reports have compared COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 pneumonia. In our study, performed in a geographic area with a low prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, we found few statistically significant differences in terms of clinical characteristics between the two groups analyzed.In the early stages of the COVID pandemic, our centre noted no statistical difference in unadjusted in-hospital mortality between COVID and non-COVID patients. Non-COVID patients had higher Charlson Comorbidity Scores, reflecting a greater disease burden in this population.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04507893.

Keywords: COVID-19; HRCT; SARS-CoV-2; elderly; ground-glass opacities; health system; hospitalization; mortality; pneumonia; resources.

Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
HRCT patterns in patients with non-COVID-19 and COVID-19 pneumonia. Abbreviations: HRCT: high resolution chest tomography, GGO: ground glass opacity, p: p-value
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
The most common isolations on BAL or sputum culture of non-COVID-19 and COVID-19 patients.

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