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Bioactive Materials in Vital Pulp Therapy of Permanent Teeth

25 aprile 2026 aggiornato da: Gözde Kandemir Demirci, Ege University

Evaluation of the Effect of Two Different Bioactive Materials on the Success of Vital Pulp Therapy in Permanent Teeth: A Prospective Clinical Study

This randomized clinical study aimed to evaluate and compare the clinical, radiographic, and postoperative pain outcomes of direct pulp capping performed using two calcium silicate-based materials: ProRoot MTA and Biofactor MTA in permanent teeth with vital pulp exposure.

A total of 80 teeth were randomly allocated into two groups according to the capping material used. Following standardized caries removal and achievement of hemostasis, direct pulp capping was performed using either ProRoot MTA or Biofactor MTA under similar clinical conditions. Definitive coronal restorations were completed 24 hours after the procedure.

Postoperative pain was assessed using a numerical rating scale (NRS) at 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after treatment. Patients were instructed to record their pain levels and analgesic intake during this period.

Patients were recalled for clinical and radiographic evaluations at 6 and 12 months. Clinical success was defined as the absence of spontaneous pain, sensitivity, swelling, sinus tract formation, and tenderness to percussion or palpation. Radiographic success was determined by the absence of periapical pathology.

Additionally, the influence of demographic and clinical variables, including age, gender, characteristics of pulp exposure, and intraoperative factors, on treatment outcomes and pulpal healing was evaluated.

Panoramica dello studio

Stato

Completato

Condizioni

Intervento / Trattamento

Descrizione dettagliata

This randomized controlled clinical study was designed to evaluate and compare the clinical performance, radiographic outcomes, postoperative pain, and pulpal healing following direct pulp capping using two calcium silicate-based materials: ProRoot MTA and Biofactor MTA in permanent teeth with vital pulp exposure.

A total of 80 teeth diagnosed with vital pulp requiring direct pulp capping were included in the study. Participants were randomly allocated into two equal groups (n=40) according to the pulp capping material used. All procedures were carried out under standardized clinical conditions.

Caries removal was performed using a sterile round diamond bur under water cooling, followed by excavation with a spoon excavator. Teeth with pulp exposure were included in the study. Hemostasis was achieved. In cases where bleeding could not be controlled within a clinically acceptable time, the tooth was excluded from the study.

In the experimental group, Biofactor MTA was applied directly over the exposed pulp tissue according to the manufacturer's instructions. In the control group, ProRoot MTA was used following the same protocol. After placement of the capping material, a protective base was applied, and the cavity was temporarily restored. Definitive coronal restorations were completed 24 hours after the initial procedure.

Postoperative pain was evaluated using a Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) at 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours following treatment. Patients were instructed to record their pain intensity and the number of analgesic tablets taken during this period.

Patients were recalled for follow-up examinations at 6 and 12 months. Clinical evaluation included assessment of spontaneous pain, sensitivity, swelling, sinus tract formation, tenderness to percussion and palpation, and periodontal probing depths. Radiographic evaluation was performed to assess the presence of periapical pathology.

Treatment success was defined as the absence of clinical symptoms and the absence of radiographic signs of pathology.

Furthermore, the influence of demographic and clinical variables, including age, gender, number and location of pulp exposures, size of exposure, and bleeding control time, on treatment outcomes was analyzed.

Tipo di studio

Interventistico

Iscrizione (Effettivo)

80

Fase

  • Non applicabile

Contatti e Sedi

Questa sezione fornisce i recapiti di coloro che conducono lo studio e informazioni su dove viene condotto lo studio.

Luoghi di studio

Criteri di partecipazione

I ricercatori cercano persone che corrispondano a una certa descrizione, chiamata criteri di ammissibilità. Alcuni esempi di questi criteri sono le condizioni generali di salute di una persona o trattamenti precedenti.

Criteri di ammissibilità

Età idonea allo studio

  • Bambino
  • Adulto
  • Adulto più anziano

Accetta volontari sani

Sì

Descrizione

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Patients aged between 13 and 65 years
  • Patients with adequate patient-clinician communication
  • Patients who agree to attend periodic follow-up visits throughout the study
  • Patients who provide written informed consent to participate in the study
  • Systemically healthy patients
  • Teeth with no previous endodontic treatment
  • Teeth showing a positive response to cold and electric pulp test
  • Permanent teeth
  • Posterior teeth
  • Teeth that can be restored with direct composite restoration
  • Teeth with pulp exposure (pulpal perforation)
  • Presence of bleeding from the exposed pulp that can be controlled within 5-10 minutes

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients who refuse to participate in the study
  • Medically compromised patients (e.g., patients with systemic diseases, immunological disorders, or those using medications)
  • Patients with known allergies to materials used during vital pulp therapy
  • Pregnant patients
  • Non-vital teeth
  • Presence of advanced periodontal disease (probing depth > 3 mm)
  • Teeth with previous endodontic treatment
  • Teeth with insufficient remaining tooth structure that cannot be restored with restorative materials
  • Teeth where adequate isolation cannot be achieved
  • Teeth requiring post core restoration
  • Patients in whom periapical radiographs cannot be obtained
  • Patients unable to attend follow-up visits
  • Cases in which bleeding from the exposed pulp cannot be controlled within 5-10 minutes

Piano di studio

Questa sezione fornisce i dettagli del piano di studio, compreso il modo in cui lo studio è progettato e ciò che lo studio sta misurando.

Come è strutturato lo studio?

Dettagli di progettazione

  • Scopo principale: Trattamento
  • Assegnazione: Randomizzato
  • Modello interventistico: Assegnazione parallela
  • Mascheramento: Nessuno (etichetta aperta)

Armi e interventi

Gruppo di partecipanti / Arm
Intervento / Trattamento
Comparatore attivo: ProRoot MTA
In this group, direct pulp capping procedures were performed using ProRoot MTA. Following caries removal under water cooling with a sterile round diamond bur and spoon excavator, teeth with pulp exposure were included in the study. Hemostasis was achieved. ProRoot MTA was then placed directly over the exposed pulp tissue according to the manufacturer's instructions. A protective base was applied over the material, and the cavity was temporarily restored. Definitive coronal restoration was completed 24 hours after the procedure.
Procedura: Direct pulp capping with ProRoot MTA
Direct pulp capping was performed using ProRoot MTA after caries removal and hemostasis. The material was placed over the pulp exposure, and definitive restoration was completed after 24 hours.
Sperimentale: BIOfactor MTA
In this group, direct pulp capping procedures were performed using BIOfactor MTA. Following caries removal under water cooling with a sterile round diamond bur and spoon excavator, teeth with pulp exposure were included in the study. Hemostasis was achieved. BIOfactor MTA was placed over the exposure site in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. A protective base material was applied, and temporary restoration was performed. Permanent coronal restoration was completed 24 hours later.
Procedura: Direct pulp capping with BIOfactor MTA
Direct pulp capping was performed using Biofactor MTA following caries removal and hemostasis. The material was applied directly over the exposed pulp, and definitive restoration was completed after 24 hours.

Cosa sta misurando lo studio?

Misure di risultato primarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Clinical and radiographic success of direct pulp capping
Lasso di tempo: 1 year follow-up
Treatment success defined as the absence of clinical symptoms, including spontaneous pain, sensitivity, swelling, sinus tract formation, and tenderness to percussion or palpation, together with the absence of radiographic signs of pathology such as periapical radiolucency.
1 year follow-up

Misure di risultato secondarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Postoperative pain intensity following direct pulp capping
Lasso di tempo: up to 2-day
Postoperative pain will be evaluated using a Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), where patients rate their pain intensity at predefined time intervals after treatment. The Numerical Rating Scale is a pain measurement scale that encompasses the following grades: 0 no pain, 1-3 mild pain, 4-6 moderate pain, 7-10 severe pain. Patients will be instructed to record their pain levels and analgesic intake.
up to 2-day

Collaboratori e investigatori

Qui è dove troverai le persone e le organizzazioni coinvolte in questo studio.

Sponsor

Ege University

Investigatori

  • Investigatore principale: Gözde Kandemir Demirci, Associate Professor, Ege University Faculty of Dentistry

Studiare le date dei record

Queste date tengono traccia dell'avanzamento della registrazione dello studio e dell'invio dei risultati di sintesi a ClinicalTrials.gov. I record degli studi e i risultati riportati vengono esaminati dalla National Library of Medicine (NLM) per assicurarsi che soddisfino specifici standard di controllo della qualità prima di essere pubblicati sul sito Web pubblico.

Studia le date principali

Inizio studio (Effettivo)

10 gennaio 2025

Completamento primario (Effettivo)

10 aprile 2026

Completamento dello studio (Effettivo)

10 aprile 2026

Date di iscrizione allo studio

Primo inviato

25 aprile 2026

Primo inviato che soddisfa i criteri di controllo qualità

25 aprile 2026

Primo Inserito (Effettivo)

1 maggio 2026

Aggiornamenti dei record di studio

Ultimo aggiornamento pubblicato (Effettivo)

1 maggio 2026

Ultimo aggiornamento inviato che soddisfa i criteri QC

25 aprile 2026

Ultimo verificato

1 aprile 2026

Maggiori informazioni

Termini relativi a questo studio

Parole chiave

Termini MeSH pertinenti aggiuntivi

Altri numeri di identificazione dello studio

  • 24-3.1/5
  • 32695 (Altro numero di sovvenzione/finanziamento: Ege University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (BAP))

Piano per i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)

Hai intenzione di condividere i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)?

NO

Informazioni su farmaci e dispositivi, documenti di studio

Studia un prodotto farmaceutico regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Studia un dispositivo regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Queste informazioni sono state recuperate direttamente dal sito web clinicaltrials.gov senza alcuna modifica. In caso di richieste di modifica, rimozione o aggiornamento dei dettagli dello studio, contattare register@clinicaltrials.gov. Non appena verrà implementata una modifica su clinicaltrials.gov, questa verrà aggiornata automaticamente anche sul nostro sito web .

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