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Bioactive Materials in Vital Pulp Therapy of Permanent Teeth

25. april 2026 opdateret af: Gözde Kandemir Demirci, Ege University

Evaluation of the Effect of Two Different Bioactive Materials on the Success of Vital Pulp Therapy in Permanent Teeth: A Prospective Clinical Study

This randomized clinical study aimed to evaluate and compare the clinical, radiographic, and postoperative pain outcomes of direct pulp capping performed using two calcium silicate-based materials: ProRoot MTA and Biofactor MTA in permanent teeth with vital pulp exposure.

A total of 80 teeth were randomly allocated into two groups according to the capping material used. Following standardized caries removal and achievement of hemostasis, direct pulp capping was performed using either ProRoot MTA or Biofactor MTA under similar clinical conditions. Definitive coronal restorations were completed 24 hours after the procedure.

Postoperative pain was assessed using a numerical rating scale (NRS) at 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after treatment. Patients were instructed to record their pain levels and analgesic intake during this period.

Patients were recalled for clinical and radiographic evaluations at 6 and 12 months. Clinical success was defined as the absence of spontaneous pain, sensitivity, swelling, sinus tract formation, and tenderness to percussion or palpation. Radiographic success was determined by the absence of periapical pathology.

Additionally, the influence of demographic and clinical variables, including age, gender, characteristics of pulp exposure, and intraoperative factors, on treatment outcomes and pulpal healing was evaluated.

Studieoversigt

Status

Afsluttet

Betingelser

Intervention / Behandling

Detaljeret beskrivelse

This randomized controlled clinical study was designed to evaluate and compare the clinical performance, radiographic outcomes, postoperative pain, and pulpal healing following direct pulp capping using two calcium silicate-based materials: ProRoot MTA and Biofactor MTA in permanent teeth with vital pulp exposure.

A total of 80 teeth diagnosed with vital pulp requiring direct pulp capping were included in the study. Participants were randomly allocated into two equal groups (n=40) according to the pulp capping material used. All procedures were carried out under standardized clinical conditions.

Caries removal was performed using a sterile round diamond bur under water cooling, followed by excavation with a spoon excavator. Teeth with pulp exposure were included in the study. Hemostasis was achieved. In cases where bleeding could not be controlled within a clinically acceptable time, the tooth was excluded from the study.

In the experimental group, Biofactor MTA was applied directly over the exposed pulp tissue according to the manufacturer's instructions. In the control group, ProRoot MTA was used following the same protocol. After placement of the capping material, a protective base was applied, and the cavity was temporarily restored. Definitive coronal restorations were completed 24 hours after the initial procedure.

Postoperative pain was evaluated using a Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) at 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours following treatment. Patients were instructed to record their pain intensity and the number of analgesic tablets taken during this period.

Patients were recalled for follow-up examinations at 6 and 12 months. Clinical evaluation included assessment of spontaneous pain, sensitivity, swelling, sinus tract formation, tenderness to percussion and palpation, and periodontal probing depths. Radiographic evaluation was performed to assess the presence of periapical pathology.

Treatment success was defined as the absence of clinical symptoms and the absence of radiographic signs of pathology.

Furthermore, the influence of demographic and clinical variables, including age, gender, number and location of pulp exposures, size of exposure, and bleeding control time, on treatment outcomes was analyzed.

Undersøgelsestype

Interventionel

Tilmelding (Faktiske)

80

Fase

  • Ikke anvendelig

Kontakter og lokationer

Dette afsnit indeholder kontaktoplysninger for dem, der udfører undersøgelsen, og oplysninger om, hvor denne undersøgelse udføres.

Studiesteder

Deltagelseskriterier

Forskere leder efter personer, der passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kaldet berettigelseskriterier. Nogle eksempler på disse kriterier er en persons generelle helbredstilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Berettigelseskriterier

Aldre berettiget til at studere

  • Barn
  • Voksen
  • Ældre voksen

Tager imod sunde frivillige

Ja

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Patients aged between 13 and 65 years
  • Patients with adequate patient-clinician communication
  • Patients who agree to attend periodic follow-up visits throughout the study
  • Patients who provide written informed consent to participate in the study
  • Systemically healthy patients
  • Teeth with no previous endodontic treatment
  • Teeth showing a positive response to cold and electric pulp test
  • Permanent teeth
  • Posterior teeth
  • Teeth that can be restored with direct composite restoration
  • Teeth with pulp exposure (pulpal perforation)
  • Presence of bleeding from the exposed pulp that can be controlled within 5-10 minutes

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients who refuse to participate in the study
  • Medically compromised patients (e.g., patients with systemic diseases, immunological disorders, or those using medications)
  • Patients with known allergies to materials used during vital pulp therapy
  • Pregnant patients
  • Non-vital teeth
  • Presence of advanced periodontal disease (probing depth > 3 mm)
  • Teeth with previous endodontic treatment
  • Teeth with insufficient remaining tooth structure that cannot be restored with restorative materials
  • Teeth where adequate isolation cannot be achieved
  • Teeth requiring post core restoration
  • Patients in whom periapical radiographs cannot be obtained
  • Patients unable to attend follow-up visits
  • Cases in which bleeding from the exposed pulp cannot be controlled within 5-10 minutes

Studieplan

Dette afsnit indeholder detaljer om studieplanen, herunder hvordan undersøgelsen er designet, og hvad undersøgelsen måler.

Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?

Design detaljer

  • Primært formål: Behandling
  • Tildeling: Randomiseret
  • Interventionel model: Parallel tildeling
  • Maskning: Ingen (Åben etiket)

Våben og indgreb

Deltagergruppe / Arm
Intervention / Behandling
Aktiv komparator: ProRoot MTA
In this group, direct pulp capping procedures were performed using ProRoot MTA. Following caries removal under water cooling with a sterile round diamond bur and spoon excavator, teeth with pulp exposure were included in the study. Hemostasis was achieved. ProRoot MTA was then placed directly over the exposed pulp tissue according to the manufacturer's instructions. A protective base was applied over the material, and the cavity was temporarily restored. Definitive coronal restoration was completed 24 hours after the procedure.
Procedure: Direct pulp capping with ProRoot MTA
Direct pulp capping was performed using ProRoot MTA after caries removal and hemostasis. The material was placed over the pulp exposure, and definitive restoration was completed after 24 hours.
Eksperimentel: BIOfactor MTA
In this group, direct pulp capping procedures were performed using BIOfactor MTA. Following caries removal under water cooling with a sterile round diamond bur and spoon excavator, teeth with pulp exposure were included in the study. Hemostasis was achieved. BIOfactor MTA was placed over the exposure site in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. A protective base material was applied, and temporary restoration was performed. Permanent coronal restoration was completed 24 hours later.
Procedure: Direct pulp capping with BIOfactor MTA
Direct pulp capping was performed using Biofactor MTA following caries removal and hemostasis. The material was applied directly over the exposed pulp, and definitive restoration was completed after 24 hours.

Hvad måler undersøgelsen?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Clinical and radiographic success of direct pulp capping
Tidsramme: 1 year follow-up
Treatment success defined as the absence of clinical symptoms, including spontaneous pain, sensitivity, swelling, sinus tract formation, and tenderness to percussion or palpation, together with the absence of radiographic signs of pathology such as periapical radiolucency.
1 year follow-up

Sekundære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Postoperative pain intensity following direct pulp capping
Tidsramme: up to 2-day
Postoperative pain will be evaluated using a Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), where patients rate their pain intensity at predefined time intervals after treatment. The Numerical Rating Scale is a pain measurement scale that encompasses the following grades: 0 no pain, 1-3 mild pain, 4-6 moderate pain, 7-10 severe pain. Patients will be instructed to record their pain levels and analgesic intake.
up to 2-day

Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere

Det er her, du vil finde personer og organisationer, der er involveret i denne undersøgelse.

Sponsor

Ege University

Efterforskere

  • Ledende efterforsker: Gözde Kandemir Demirci, Associate Professor, Ege University Faculty of Dentistry

Datoer for undersøgelser

Disse datoer sporer fremskridtene for indsendelser af undersøgelsesrekord og resumeresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieregistreringer og rapporterede resultater gennemgås af National Library of Medicine (NLM) for at sikre, at de opfylder specifikke kvalitetskontrolstandarder, før de offentliggøres på den offentlige hjemmeside.

Studer store datoer

Studiestart (Faktiske)

10. januar 2025

Primær færdiggørelse (Faktiske)

10. april 2026

Studieafslutning (Faktiske)

10. april 2026

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først indsendt

25. april 2026

Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier

25. april 2026

Først opslået (Faktiske)

1. maj 2026

Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler

Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)

1. maj 2026

Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier

25. april 2026

Sidst verificeret

1. april 2026

Mere information

Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse

Nøgleord

Yderligere relevante MeSH-vilkår

Andre undersøgelses-id-numre

  • 24-3.1/5
  • 32695 (Andet bevillings-/finansieringsnummer: Ege University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (BAP))

Plan for individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)

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INGEN

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Kliniske forsøg med Vital Pulp terapi

Kliniske forsøg med Direct pulp capping with ProRoot MTA

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