Fasted Evening Exercise: Performance and Compensatory Eating
2021年8月4日 更新者：Tommy Slater、Nottingham Trent University
Effects of Extended Fasting Prior to Evening Exercise on Appetite, Energy Intake and Performance.
This study will compare the appetite, energy intake, and exercise performance responses to a bout of exercise completed in the evening after an extended period of fasting with a similar bout of exercise completed in the evening and the morning, after consuming a carbohydrate-containing meal.
調査の概要
詳細な説明
Regular exercise is known to be a successful strategy for improving several facets of health and maintaining body weight. However, many people are not engaging in enough exercise, and some may not be achieving maximum benefits from the exercise that they already do. Performing exercise in the overnight fasted state has been shown to reduce energy intake over the course of a single day, without any compensatory reductions in free-living energy expenditure. Despite these promising findings, it is likely that not every member of the population is logistically able to perform exercise in the morning due to various work, family and social commitments, and exercise in the evening may be a logical alternative for these individuals. Whether the beneficial effects of overnight fasted exercise can be observed at an alternative time of the day (i.e. the evening) is unknown.
Therefore, the investigators are interested in examining the compensatory appetite and energy intake responses following a bout of evening exercise performed after an extended (7 hour) period of fasting. Exercise performance will also be assessed as a marker of voluntary energy expenditure, which if reduced, has the potential to compensate for the reduced energy balance induced by fasted exercise.
研究の種類
介入
入学 (実際)
16
段階
- 適用できない
連絡先と場所
このセクションには、調査を実施する担当者の連絡先の詳細と、この調査が実施されている場所に関する情報が記載されています。
研究場所
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Loughborough、イギリス、LE11 3TU
- Loughborough University
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Nottingham、イギリス、NG11 8NS
- Nottingham Trent University
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参加基準
研究者は、適格基準と呼ばれる特定の説明に適合する人を探します。これらの基準のいくつかの例は、人の一般的な健康状態または以前の治療です。
適格基準
就学可能な年齢
18年～40年 (大人)
健康ボランティアの受け入れ
はい
受講資格のある性別
全て
説明
Inclusion Criteria:
- Non-smokers.
- Have maintained a stable weight for 6 months (self-reported).
- No history of gastric, digestive, cardiovascular or renal disease (self-reported).
- Female specific: must be using a monophasic, low dose combined OCP (containing less than 50μg oestradiol and a synthetic progestin) OR females with regular menstrual cycles (self-reported).
Exclusion Criteria:
- Have an unusual eating pattern (i.e., extended fasting periods >8h other than overnight - self-reported).
- Severe food allergies, dislike or intolerance of study foods or drinks.
- Currently undergoing a lifestyle intervention (structured diet or exercise)
- Diagnosis of a condition or currently undergoing treatment therapy known to affect glucose or lipid metabolism (e.g., type-2 diabetes, taking statins), or contraindications to exercise.
- Use of medication or supplements that may affect hormone concentrations.
- Excessive alcohol consumption (>14 units/week).
- Intensive training schedule (>10 hours/week).
- Having received a positive COVID-19 test in the 6-month period prior to participation.
- Female specific: currently pregnant or breastfeeding, the use of any hormonal contraception, and the self-reporting of short (<24 d), long (>35 d), or irregular menstrual cycles.
研究計画
このセクションでは、研究がどのように設計され、研究が何を測定しているかなど、研究計画の詳細を提供します。
研究はどのように設計されていますか？
デザインの詳細
- 主な目的：基礎科学
- 割り当て：ランダム化
- 介入モデル：クロスオーバー割り当て
- マスキング：なし（オープンラベル）
武器と介入
参加者グループ / アーム |
介入・治療 |
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実験的：Fasted Evening Exercise
Exercise will take place in the evening, following a 7 hour period of fasting.
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A 45 minute exercise session will take place on a stationary cycle ergometer at 18:30, after a 7-hour period of fasting.
This will consist of 30 minutes of steady state cycling at 60% of VO2max, followed by an exercise test during which participants will complete as much work as they can within 15 minutes.
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アクティブコンパレータ：Fed Evening Exercise
Exercise will take place in the evening, after having consumed a carbohydrate-containing meal 2 hours prior.
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A 45 minute exercise session will take place on a stationary cycle ergometer at 18:30, after having consumed a carbohydrate-containing meal (20% estimated energy requirements) 2 hours prior.
This will consist of 30 minutes of steady state cycling at 60% of VO2max, followed by an exercise test during which participants will complete as much work as they can within 15 minutes.
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アクティブコンパレータ：Fed Morning Exercise
Exercise will take place in the morning, after having consumed a carbohydrate-containing meal 2 hours prior.
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A 45 minute exercise session will take place on a stationary cycle ergometer at 10:30, after having consumed a carbohydrate-containing meal (20% estimated energy requirements) 2 hours prior.
This will consist of 30 minutes of steady state cycling at 60% of VO2max, followed by an exercise test during which participants will complete as much work as they can within 15 minutes.
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この研究は何を測定していますか？
主要な結果の測定
結果測定 |
メジャーの説明 |
時間枠 |
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Voluntary energy intake (Kilocalories) at a laboratory-based test meal
時間枠：15 minutes following the end of the exercise session.
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A laboratory-based meal consisting of pasta, tomato sauce and olive oil will be provided to participants in excess of expected consumption.
Participants will be permitted 20 minutes to eat as much or as little as they desire, until 'comfortably full and satisfied'.
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15 minutes following the end of the exercise session.
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Exercise Performance (Voluntary Energy Expenditure)
時間枠：Within the 15-minute performance test component of the exercise session.
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Maximum energy expenditure (Kilojoules) that can be completed within 15 minutes on a stationary bicycle ergometer.
The participant will be able to alter their power output by selecting up or down on the ergometer control unit as they please.
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Within the 15-minute performance test component of the exercise session.
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二次結果の測定
結果測定 |
メジャーの説明 |
時間枠 |
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Visual Analogue Scale for Subjective Ratings of Appetite
時間枠：Baseline, 2 hours, 3 hours, 3.5 hours, 5 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, 14 hours, and 24 hours.
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Time-course of subjective ratings of hunger between breakfast provision and one hour after consuming lunch, measured using an appetite visual analogue scale.
The scale is divided into subscales of different appetite perceptions including: hunger, fullness, desire to eat and prospective food consumption.
Each subscale is rated on a 100mm scale (i.e. from 0 - 100), with a rating of 100 fully supporting the perception and a rating of 0 fully opposing the perception.
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Baseline, 2 hours, 3 hours, 3.5 hours, 5 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, 14 hours, and 24 hours.
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Substrate Utilisation During Steady State Exercise.
時間枠：Within the 30-minute steady-state component of the exercise session.
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Measurements of VO2 and VCO2 during a 30 minute steady state bout of cycling which precedes the 15-minute performance test.
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Within the 30-minute steady-state component of the exercise session.
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Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE).
時間枠：Within the 45-minute exercise session.
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RPE will be measured at 5-minute intervals throughout the 45-minute exercise period (30 min steady state; 15 min performance test) on a 6-20 RPE scale.
The participant will point to the value that corresponds to their current perceived exertion (6 being no exertion at all; 20 being maximal exertion).
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Within the 45-minute exercise session.
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Enjoyment of the Exercise Bout
時間枠：Immediately following the end of the exercise session.
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A shortened version of The Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) will be completed to gauge enjoyment of the exercise sessions. A scale from 1-7 will be used for eight feelings. The participant will circle the value that corresponds to which (6 being no exertion at all; 20 being maximal exertion). The scale is divided into bipolar subscales of different feelings including: enjoyment, liking, pleasure, fun, pleasantness, interest, engagement and task absorption . Each subscale is rated on a 1-7 bipolar scale (i.e. from 1 - 7), with a rating of 1 fully supporting the feeling on the left-hand side of the subscale, and a rating of 7 fully supporting the feeling on the right-hand side of the subscale. For three subscales, a positive feeling is placed at 7, and for four subscales, a negative feeling is placed at 7 (reverse scored). |
Immediately following the end of the exercise session.
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Pre-exercise Subjective Feelings
時間枠：Immediately before the exercise session.
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A single questionnaire to assess pre-exercise subjective feelings will be measured using a visual analogue scale.
The scale is divided into subscales of different feelings including: motivation, readiness, tiredness, nausea, and energetic.
Each subscale is rated on a 100mm scale (i.e. from 0 - 100), with a rating of 100 fully supporting the perception and a rating of 0 fully opposing the perception.
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Immediately before the exercise session.
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協力者と研究者
ここでは、この調査に関係する人々や組織を見つけることができます。
出版物と役立つリンク
研究に関する情報を入力する責任者は、自発的にこれらの出版物を提供します。これらは、研究に関連するあらゆるものに関するものである可能性があります。
一般刊行物
- McIver VJ, Mattin LR, Evans GH, Yau AMW. Diurnal influences of fasted and non-fasted brisk walking on gastric emptying rate, metabolic responses, and appetite in healthy males. Appetite. 2019 Dec 1;143:104411. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104411. Epub 2019 Aug 21.
- Edinburgh RM, Hengist A, Smith HA, Travers RL, Betts JA, Thompson D, Walhin JP, Wallis GA, Hamilton DL, Stevenson EJ, Tipton KD, Gonzalez JT. Skipping Breakfast Before Exercise Creates a More Negative 24-hour Energy Balance: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy Physically Active Young Men. J Nutr. 2019 Aug 1;149(8):1326-1334. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxz018.
- Bachman JL, Deitrick RW, Hillman AR. Exercising in the Fasted State Reduced 24-Hour Energy Intake in Active Male Adults. J Nutr Metab. 2016;2016:1984198. doi: 10.1155/2016/1984198. Epub 2016 Sep 21.
- Kendzierski, D., & DeCarlo, K. J. (1991). Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale: Two Validation Studies. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 13(1), 50-64. doi:10.1123/jsep.13.1.50.
- Clayton DJ, Barutcu A, Machin C, Stensel DJ, James LJ. Effect of Breakfast Omission on Energy Intake and Evening Exercise Performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015 Dec;47(12):2645-52. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000702.
- James LJ, Moss J, Henry J, Papadopoulou C, Mears SA. Hypohydration impairs endurance performance: a blinded study. Physiol Rep. 2017 Jun;5(12):e13315. doi: 10.14814/phy2.13315.
- Metcalfe RS, Thomas M, Lamb C, Chowdhury EA. Omission of a carbohydrate-rich breakfast impairs evening endurance exercise performance despite complete dietary compensation at lunch. Eur J Sport Sci. 2021 Jul;21(7):1013-1021. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1797890. Epub 2020 Aug 27.
- Maffucci DM, McMurray RG. Towards optimizing the timing of the pre-exercise meal. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2000 Jun;10(2):103-13. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.10.2.103.
- Wallis GA, Gonzalez JT. Is exercise best served on an empty stomach? Proc Nutr Soc. 2019 Feb;78(1):110-117. doi: 10.1017/S0029665118002574. Epub 2018 Oct 18.
- Raedeke, T. D. (2007). The Relationship Between Enjoyment and Affective Responses to Exercise. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 19(1), 105-115. doi:10.1080/10413200601113638
研究記録日
これらの日付は、ClinicalTrials.gov への研究記録と要約結果の提出の進捗状況を追跡します。研究記録と報告された結果は、国立医学図書館 (NLM) によって審査され、公開 Web サイトに掲載される前に、特定の品質管理基準を満たしていることが確認されます。
主要日程の研究
研究開始 (実際)
2021年2月8日
一次修了 (実際)
2021年6月23日
研究の完了 (実際)
2021年6月23日
試験登録日
最初に提出
2021年1月27日
QC基準を満たした最初の提出物
2021年2月2日
最初の投稿 (実際)
2021年2月8日
学習記録の更新
投稿された最後の更新 (実際)
2021年8月5日
QC基準を満たした最後の更新が送信されました
2021年8月4日
最終確認日
2021年8月1日
詳しくは
この情報は、Web サイト clinicaltrials.gov から変更なしで直接取得したものです。研究の詳細を変更、削除、または更新するリクエストがある場合は、register@clinicaltrials.gov。 までご連絡ください。 clinicaltrials.gov に変更が加えられるとすぐに、ウェブサイトでも自動的に更新されます。
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