Fasted Evening Exercise: Performance and Compensatory Eating
4 de agosto de 2021 atualizado por: Tommy Slater, Nottingham Trent University
Effects of Extended Fasting Prior to Evening Exercise on Appetite, Energy Intake and Performance.
This study will compare the appetite, energy intake, and exercise performance responses to a bout of exercise completed in the evening after an extended period of fasting with a similar bout of exercise completed in the evening and the morning, after consuming a carbohydrate-containing meal.
Visão geral do estudo
Status
Concluído
Condições
Descrição detalhada
Regular exercise is known to be a successful strategy for improving several facets of health and maintaining body weight. However, many people are not engaging in enough exercise, and some may not be achieving maximum benefits from the exercise that they already do. Performing exercise in the overnight fasted state has been shown to reduce energy intake over the course of a single day, without any compensatory reductions in free-living energy expenditure. Despite these promising findings, it is likely that not every member of the population is logistically able to perform exercise in the morning due to various work, family and social commitments, and exercise in the evening may be a logical alternative for these individuals. Whether the beneficial effects of overnight fasted exercise can be observed at an alternative time of the day (i.e. the evening) is unknown.
Therefore, the investigators are interested in examining the compensatory appetite and energy intake responses following a bout of evening exercise performed after an extended (7 hour) period of fasting. Exercise performance will also be assessed as a marker of voluntary energy expenditure, which if reduced, has the potential to compensate for the reduced energy balance induced by fasted exercise.
Tipo de estudo
Intervencional
Inscrição (Real)
16
Estágio
- Não aplicável
Contactos e Locais
Esta seção fornece os detalhes de contato para aqueles que conduzem o estudo e informações sobre onde este estudo está sendo realizado.
Locais de estudo
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Loughborough, Reino Unido, LE11 3TU
- Loughborough University
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Nottingham, Reino Unido, NG11 8NS
- Nottingham Trent University
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Critérios de participação
Os pesquisadores procuram pessoas que se encaixem em uma determinada descrição, chamada de critérios de elegibilidade. Alguns exemplos desses critérios são a condição geral de saúde de uma pessoa ou tratamentos anteriores.
Critérios de elegibilidade
Idades elegíveis para estudo
18 anos a 40 anos (Adulto)
Aceita Voluntários Saudáveis
Sim
Gêneros Elegíveis para o Estudo
Tudo
Descrição
Inclusion Criteria:
- Non-smokers.
- Have maintained a stable weight for 6 months (self-reported).
- No history of gastric, digestive, cardiovascular or renal disease (self-reported).
- Female specific: must be using a monophasic, low dose combined OCP (containing less than 50μg oestradiol and a synthetic progestin) OR females with regular menstrual cycles (self-reported).
Exclusion Criteria:
- Have an unusual eating pattern (i.e., extended fasting periods >8h other than overnight - self-reported).
- Severe food allergies, dislike or intolerance of study foods or drinks.
- Currently undergoing a lifestyle intervention (structured diet or exercise)
- Diagnosis of a condition or currently undergoing treatment therapy known to affect glucose or lipid metabolism (e.g., type-2 diabetes, taking statins), or contraindications to exercise.
- Use of medication or supplements that may affect hormone concentrations.
- Excessive alcohol consumption (>14 units/week).
- Intensive training schedule (>10 hours/week).
- Having received a positive COVID-19 test in the 6-month period prior to participation.
- Female specific: currently pregnant or breastfeeding, the use of any hormonal contraception, and the self-reporting of short (<24 d), long (>35 d), or irregular menstrual cycles.
Plano de estudo
Esta seção fornece detalhes do plano de estudo, incluindo como o estudo é projetado e o que o estudo está medindo.
Como o estudo é projetado?
Detalhes do projeto
- Finalidade Principal: Ciência básica
- Alocação: Randomizado
- Modelo Intervencional: Atribuição cruzada
- Mascaramento: Nenhum (rótulo aberto)
Armas e Intervenções
Grupo de Participantes / Braço |
Intervenção / Tratamento |
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Experimental: Fasted Evening Exercise
Exercise will take place in the evening, following a 7 hour period of fasting.
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A 45 minute exercise session will take place on a stationary cycle ergometer at 18:30, after a 7-hour period of fasting.
This will consist of 30 minutes of steady state cycling at 60% of VO2max, followed by an exercise test during which participants will complete as much work as they can within 15 minutes.
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Comparador Ativo: Fed Evening Exercise
Exercise will take place in the evening, after having consumed a carbohydrate-containing meal 2 hours prior.
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A 45 minute exercise session will take place on a stationary cycle ergometer at 18:30, after having consumed a carbohydrate-containing meal (20% estimated energy requirements) 2 hours prior.
This will consist of 30 minutes of steady state cycling at 60% of VO2max, followed by an exercise test during which participants will complete as much work as they can within 15 minutes.
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Comparador Ativo: Fed Morning Exercise
Exercise will take place in the morning, after having consumed a carbohydrate-containing meal 2 hours prior.
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A 45 minute exercise session will take place on a stationary cycle ergometer at 10:30, after having consumed a carbohydrate-containing meal (20% estimated energy requirements) 2 hours prior.
This will consist of 30 minutes of steady state cycling at 60% of VO2max, followed by an exercise test during which participants will complete as much work as they can within 15 minutes.
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O que o estudo está medindo?
Medidas de resultados primários
Medida de resultado |
Descrição da medida |
Prazo |
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Voluntary energy intake (Kilocalories) at a laboratory-based test meal
Prazo: 15 minutes following the end of the exercise session.
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A laboratory-based meal consisting of pasta, tomato sauce and olive oil will be provided to participants in excess of expected consumption.
Participants will be permitted 20 minutes to eat as much or as little as they desire, until 'comfortably full and satisfied'.
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15 minutes following the end of the exercise session.
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Exercise Performance (Voluntary Energy Expenditure)
Prazo: Within the 15-minute performance test component of the exercise session.
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Maximum energy expenditure (Kilojoules) that can be completed within 15 minutes on a stationary bicycle ergometer.
The participant will be able to alter their power output by selecting up or down on the ergometer control unit as they please.
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Within the 15-minute performance test component of the exercise session.
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Medidas de resultados secundários
Medida de resultado |
Descrição da medida |
Prazo |
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Visual Analogue Scale for Subjective Ratings of Appetite
Prazo: Baseline, 2 hours, 3 hours, 3.5 hours, 5 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, 14 hours, and 24 hours.
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Time-course of subjective ratings of hunger between breakfast provision and one hour after consuming lunch, measured using an appetite visual analogue scale.
The scale is divided into subscales of different appetite perceptions including: hunger, fullness, desire to eat and prospective food consumption.
Each subscale is rated on a 100mm scale (i.e. from 0 - 100), with a rating of 100 fully supporting the perception and a rating of 0 fully opposing the perception.
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Baseline, 2 hours, 3 hours, 3.5 hours, 5 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, 14 hours, and 24 hours.
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Substrate Utilisation During Steady State Exercise.
Prazo: Within the 30-minute steady-state component of the exercise session.
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Measurements of VO2 and VCO2 during a 30 minute steady state bout of cycling which precedes the 15-minute performance test.
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Within the 30-minute steady-state component of the exercise session.
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Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE).
Prazo: Within the 45-minute exercise session.
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RPE will be measured at 5-minute intervals throughout the 45-minute exercise period (30 min steady state; 15 min performance test) on a 6-20 RPE scale.
The participant will point to the value that corresponds to their current perceived exertion (6 being no exertion at all; 20 being maximal exertion).
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Within the 45-minute exercise session.
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Enjoyment of the Exercise Bout
Prazo: Immediately following the end of the exercise session.
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A shortened version of The Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) will be completed to gauge enjoyment of the exercise sessions. A scale from 1-7 will be used for eight feelings. The participant will circle the value that corresponds to which (6 being no exertion at all; 20 being maximal exertion). The scale is divided into bipolar subscales of different feelings including: enjoyment, liking, pleasure, fun, pleasantness, interest, engagement and task absorption . Each subscale is rated on a 1-7 bipolar scale (i.e. from 1 - 7), with a rating of 1 fully supporting the feeling on the left-hand side of the subscale, and a rating of 7 fully supporting the feeling on the right-hand side of the subscale. For three subscales, a positive feeling is placed at 7, and for four subscales, a negative feeling is placed at 7 (reverse scored). |
Immediately following the end of the exercise session.
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Pre-exercise Subjective Feelings
Prazo: Immediately before the exercise session.
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A single questionnaire to assess pre-exercise subjective feelings will be measured using a visual analogue scale.
The scale is divided into subscales of different feelings including: motivation, readiness, tiredness, nausea, and energetic.
Each subscale is rated on a 100mm scale (i.e. from 0 - 100), with a rating of 100 fully supporting the perception and a rating of 0 fully opposing the perception.
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Immediately before the exercise session.
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Colaboradores e Investigadores
É aqui que você encontrará pessoas e organizações envolvidas com este estudo.
Patrocinador
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Publicações e links úteis
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Publicações Gerais
- McIver VJ, Mattin LR, Evans GH, Yau AMW. Diurnal influences of fasted and non-fasted brisk walking on gastric emptying rate, metabolic responses, and appetite in healthy males. Appetite. 2019 Dec 1;143:104411. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104411. Epub 2019 Aug 21.
- Edinburgh RM, Hengist A, Smith HA, Travers RL, Betts JA, Thompson D, Walhin JP, Wallis GA, Hamilton DL, Stevenson EJ, Tipton KD, Gonzalez JT. Skipping Breakfast Before Exercise Creates a More Negative 24-hour Energy Balance: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy Physically Active Young Men. J Nutr. 2019 Aug 1;149(8):1326-1334. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxz018.
- Bachman JL, Deitrick RW, Hillman AR. Exercising in the Fasted State Reduced 24-Hour Energy Intake in Active Male Adults. J Nutr Metab. 2016;2016:1984198. doi: 10.1155/2016/1984198. Epub 2016 Sep 21.
- Kendzierski, D., & DeCarlo, K. J. (1991). Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale: Two Validation Studies. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 13(1), 50-64. doi:10.1123/jsep.13.1.50.
- Clayton DJ, Barutcu A, Machin C, Stensel DJ, James LJ. Effect of Breakfast Omission on Energy Intake and Evening Exercise Performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015 Dec;47(12):2645-52. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000702.
- James LJ, Moss J, Henry J, Papadopoulou C, Mears SA. Hypohydration impairs endurance performance: a blinded study. Physiol Rep. 2017 Jun;5(12):e13315. doi: 10.14814/phy2.13315.
- Metcalfe RS, Thomas M, Lamb C, Chowdhury EA. Omission of a carbohydrate-rich breakfast impairs evening endurance exercise performance despite complete dietary compensation at lunch. Eur J Sport Sci. 2021 Jul;21(7):1013-1021. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1797890. Epub 2020 Aug 27.
- Maffucci DM, McMurray RG. Towards optimizing the timing of the pre-exercise meal. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2000 Jun;10(2):103-13. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.10.2.103.
- Wallis GA, Gonzalez JT. Is exercise best served on an empty stomach? Proc Nutr Soc. 2019 Feb;78(1):110-117. doi: 10.1017/S0029665118002574. Epub 2018 Oct 18.
- Raedeke, T. D. (2007). The Relationship Between Enjoyment and Affective Responses to Exercise. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 19(1), 105-115. doi:10.1080/10413200601113638
Datas de registro do estudo
Essas datas acompanham o progresso do registro do estudo e os envios de resumo dos resultados para ClinicalTrials.gov. Os registros do estudo e os resultados relatados são revisados pela National Library of Medicine (NLM) para garantir que atendam aos padrões específicos de controle de qualidade antes de serem publicados no site público.
Datas Principais do Estudo
Início do estudo (Real)
8 de fevereiro de 2021
Conclusão Primária (Real)
23 de junho de 2021
Conclusão do estudo (Real)
23 de junho de 2021
Datas de inscrição no estudo
Enviado pela primeira vez
27 de janeiro de 2021
Enviado pela primeira vez que atendeu aos critérios de CQ
2 de fevereiro de 2021
Primeira postagem (Real)
8 de fevereiro de 2021
Atualizações de registro de estudo
Última Atualização Postada (Real)
5 de agosto de 2021
Última atualização enviada que atendeu aos critérios de controle de qualidade
4 de agosto de 2021
Última verificação
1 de agosto de 2021
Mais Informações
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Palavras-chave
Outros números de identificação do estudo
- TS_FastEvEx_2021
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