Fasted Evening Exercise: Performance and Compensatory Eating
4 de agosto de 2021 actualizado por: Tommy Slater, Nottingham Trent University
Effects of Extended Fasting Prior to Evening Exercise on Appetite, Energy Intake and Performance.
This study will compare the appetite, energy intake, and exercise performance responses to a bout of exercise completed in the evening after an extended period of fasting with a similar bout of exercise completed in the evening and the morning, after consuming a carbohydrate-containing meal.
Descripción general del estudio
Estado
Terminado
Condiciones
Intervención / Tratamiento
Descripción detallada
Regular exercise is known to be a successful strategy for improving several facets of health and maintaining body weight. However, many people are not engaging in enough exercise, and some may not be achieving maximum benefits from the exercise that they already do. Performing exercise in the overnight fasted state has been shown to reduce energy intake over the course of a single day, without any compensatory reductions in free-living energy expenditure. Despite these promising findings, it is likely that not every member of the population is logistically able to perform exercise in the morning due to various work, family and social commitments, and exercise in the evening may be a logical alternative for these individuals. Whether the beneficial effects of overnight fasted exercise can be observed at an alternative time of the day (i.e. the evening) is unknown.
Therefore, the investigators are interested in examining the compensatory appetite and energy intake responses following a bout of evening exercise performed after an extended (7 hour) period of fasting. Exercise performance will also be assessed as a marker of voluntary energy expenditure, which if reduced, has the potential to compensate for the reduced energy balance induced by fasted exercise.
Tipo de estudio
Intervencionista
Inscripción (Actual)
16
Fase
- No aplica
Contactos y Ubicaciones
Esta sección proporciona los datos de contacto de quienes realizan el estudio e información sobre dónde se lleva a cabo este estudio.
Ubicaciones de estudio
-
-
-
Loughborough, Reino Unido, LE11 3TU
- Loughborough University
-
Nottingham, Reino Unido, NG11 8NS
- Nottingham Trent University
-
-
Criterios de participación
Los investigadores buscan personas que se ajusten a una determinada descripción, denominada criterio de elegibilidad. Algunos ejemplos de estos criterios son el estado de salud general de una persona o tratamientos previos.
Criterio de elegibilidad
Edades elegibles para estudiar
18 años a 40 años (Adulto)
Acepta Voluntarios Saludables
Sí
Géneros elegibles para el estudio
Todos
Descripción
Inclusion Criteria:
- Non-smokers.
- Have maintained a stable weight for 6 months (self-reported).
- No history of gastric, digestive, cardiovascular or renal disease (self-reported).
- Female specific: must be using a monophasic, low dose combined OCP (containing less than 50μg oestradiol and a synthetic progestin) OR females with regular menstrual cycles (self-reported).
Exclusion Criteria:
- Have an unusual eating pattern (i.e., extended fasting periods >8h other than overnight - self-reported).
- Severe food allergies, dislike or intolerance of study foods or drinks.
- Currently undergoing a lifestyle intervention (structured diet or exercise)
- Diagnosis of a condition or currently undergoing treatment therapy known to affect glucose or lipid metabolism (e.g., type-2 diabetes, taking statins), or contraindications to exercise.
- Use of medication or supplements that may affect hormone concentrations.
- Excessive alcohol consumption (>14 units/week).
- Intensive training schedule (>10 hours/week).
- Having received a positive COVID-19 test in the 6-month period prior to participation.
- Female specific: currently pregnant or breastfeeding, the use of any hormonal contraception, and the self-reporting of short (<24 d), long (>35 d), or irregular menstrual cycles.
Plan de estudios
Esta sección proporciona detalles del plan de estudio, incluido cómo está diseñado el estudio y qué mide el estudio.
¿Cómo está diseñado el estudio?
Detalles de diseño
- Propósito principal: Ciencia básica
- Asignación: Aleatorizado
- Modelo Intervencionista: Asignación cruzada
- Enmascaramiento: Ninguno (etiqueta abierta)
Armas e Intervenciones
Grupo de participantes/brazo |
Intervención / Tratamiento |
|---|---|
|
Experimental: Fasted Evening Exercise
Exercise will take place in the evening, following a 7 hour period of fasting.
|
A 45 minute exercise session will take place on a stationary cycle ergometer at 18:30, after a 7-hour period of fasting.
This will consist of 30 minutes of steady state cycling at 60% of VO2max, followed by an exercise test during which participants will complete as much work as they can within 15 minutes.
|
|
Comparador activo: Fed Evening Exercise
Exercise will take place in the evening, after having consumed a carbohydrate-containing meal 2 hours prior.
|
A 45 minute exercise session will take place on a stationary cycle ergometer at 18:30, after having consumed a carbohydrate-containing meal (20% estimated energy requirements) 2 hours prior.
This will consist of 30 minutes of steady state cycling at 60% of VO2max, followed by an exercise test during which participants will complete as much work as they can within 15 minutes.
|
|
Comparador activo: Fed Morning Exercise
Exercise will take place in the morning, after having consumed a carbohydrate-containing meal 2 hours prior.
|
A 45 minute exercise session will take place on a stationary cycle ergometer at 10:30, after having consumed a carbohydrate-containing meal (20% estimated energy requirements) 2 hours prior.
This will consist of 30 minutes of steady state cycling at 60% of VO2max, followed by an exercise test during which participants will complete as much work as they can within 15 minutes.
|
¿Qué mide el estudio?
Medidas de resultado primarias
Medida de resultado |
Medida Descripción |
Periodo de tiempo |
|---|---|---|
|
Voluntary energy intake (Kilocalories) at a laboratory-based test meal
Periodo de tiempo: 15 minutes following the end of the exercise session.
|
A laboratory-based meal consisting of pasta, tomato sauce and olive oil will be provided to participants in excess of expected consumption.
Participants will be permitted 20 minutes to eat as much or as little as they desire, until 'comfortably full and satisfied'.
|
15 minutes following the end of the exercise session.
|
|
Exercise Performance (Voluntary Energy Expenditure)
Periodo de tiempo: Within the 15-minute performance test component of the exercise session.
|
Maximum energy expenditure (Kilojoules) that can be completed within 15 minutes on a stationary bicycle ergometer.
The participant will be able to alter their power output by selecting up or down on the ergometer control unit as they please.
|
Within the 15-minute performance test component of the exercise session.
|
Medidas de resultado secundarias
Medida de resultado |
Medida Descripción |
Periodo de tiempo |
|---|---|---|
|
Visual Analogue Scale for Subjective Ratings of Appetite
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline, 2 hours, 3 hours, 3.5 hours, 5 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, 14 hours, and 24 hours.
|
Time-course of subjective ratings of hunger between breakfast provision and one hour after consuming lunch, measured using an appetite visual analogue scale.
The scale is divided into subscales of different appetite perceptions including: hunger, fullness, desire to eat and prospective food consumption.
Each subscale is rated on a 100mm scale (i.e. from 0 - 100), with a rating of 100 fully supporting the perception and a rating of 0 fully opposing the perception.
|
Baseline, 2 hours, 3 hours, 3.5 hours, 5 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, 14 hours, and 24 hours.
|
|
Substrate Utilisation During Steady State Exercise.
Periodo de tiempo: Within the 30-minute steady-state component of the exercise session.
|
Measurements of VO2 and VCO2 during a 30 minute steady state bout of cycling which precedes the 15-minute performance test.
|
Within the 30-minute steady-state component of the exercise session.
|
|
Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE).
Periodo de tiempo: Within the 45-minute exercise session.
|
RPE will be measured at 5-minute intervals throughout the 45-minute exercise period (30 min steady state; 15 min performance test) on a 6-20 RPE scale.
The participant will point to the value that corresponds to their current perceived exertion (6 being no exertion at all; 20 being maximal exertion).
|
Within the 45-minute exercise session.
|
|
Enjoyment of the Exercise Bout
Periodo de tiempo: Immediately following the end of the exercise session.
|
A shortened version of The Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) will be completed to gauge enjoyment of the exercise sessions. A scale from 1-7 will be used for eight feelings. The participant will circle the value that corresponds to which (6 being no exertion at all; 20 being maximal exertion). The scale is divided into bipolar subscales of different feelings including: enjoyment, liking, pleasure, fun, pleasantness, interest, engagement and task absorption . Each subscale is rated on a 1-7 bipolar scale (i.e. from 1 - 7), with a rating of 1 fully supporting the feeling on the left-hand side of the subscale, and a rating of 7 fully supporting the feeling on the right-hand side of the subscale. For three subscales, a positive feeling is placed at 7, and for four subscales, a negative feeling is placed at 7 (reverse scored). |
Immediately following the end of the exercise session.
|
|
Pre-exercise Subjective Feelings
Periodo de tiempo: Immediately before the exercise session.
|
A single questionnaire to assess pre-exercise subjective feelings will be measured using a visual analogue scale.
The scale is divided into subscales of different feelings including: motivation, readiness, tiredness, nausea, and energetic.
Each subscale is rated on a 100mm scale (i.e. from 0 - 100), with a rating of 100 fully supporting the perception and a rating of 0 fully opposing the perception.
|
Immediately before the exercise session.
|
Colaboradores e Investigadores
Aquí es donde encontrará personas y organizaciones involucradas en este estudio.
Patrocinador
Colaboradores
Publicaciones y enlaces útiles
La persona responsable de ingresar información sobre el estudio proporciona voluntariamente estas publicaciones. Estos pueden ser sobre cualquier cosa relacionada con el estudio.
Publicaciones Generales
- McIver VJ, Mattin LR, Evans GH, Yau AMW. Diurnal influences of fasted and non-fasted brisk walking on gastric emptying rate, metabolic responses, and appetite in healthy males. Appetite. 2019 Dec 1;143:104411. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104411. Epub 2019 Aug 21.
- Edinburgh RM, Hengist A, Smith HA, Travers RL, Betts JA, Thompson D, Walhin JP, Wallis GA, Hamilton DL, Stevenson EJ, Tipton KD, Gonzalez JT. Skipping Breakfast Before Exercise Creates a More Negative 24-hour Energy Balance: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy Physically Active Young Men. J Nutr. 2019 Aug 1;149(8):1326-1334. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxz018.
- Bachman JL, Deitrick RW, Hillman AR. Exercising in the Fasted State Reduced 24-Hour Energy Intake in Active Male Adults. J Nutr Metab. 2016;2016:1984198. doi: 10.1155/2016/1984198. Epub 2016 Sep 21.
- Kendzierski, D., & DeCarlo, K. J. (1991). Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale: Two Validation Studies. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 13(1), 50-64. doi:10.1123/jsep.13.1.50.
- Clayton DJ, Barutcu A, Machin C, Stensel DJ, James LJ. Effect of Breakfast Omission on Energy Intake and Evening Exercise Performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015 Dec;47(12):2645-52. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000702.
- James LJ, Moss J, Henry J, Papadopoulou C, Mears SA. Hypohydration impairs endurance performance: a blinded study. Physiol Rep. 2017 Jun;5(12):e13315. doi: 10.14814/phy2.13315.
- Metcalfe RS, Thomas M, Lamb C, Chowdhury EA. Omission of a carbohydrate-rich breakfast impairs evening endurance exercise performance despite complete dietary compensation at lunch. Eur J Sport Sci. 2021 Jul;21(7):1013-1021. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1797890. Epub 2020 Aug 27.
- Maffucci DM, McMurray RG. Towards optimizing the timing of the pre-exercise meal. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2000 Jun;10(2):103-13. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.10.2.103.
- Wallis GA, Gonzalez JT. Is exercise best served on an empty stomach? Proc Nutr Soc. 2019 Feb;78(1):110-117. doi: 10.1017/S0029665118002574. Epub 2018 Oct 18.
- Raedeke, T. D. (2007). The Relationship Between Enjoyment and Affective Responses to Exercise. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 19(1), 105-115. doi:10.1080/10413200601113638
Fechas de registro del estudio
Estas fechas rastrean el progreso del registro del estudio y los envíos de resultados resumidos a ClinicalTrials.gov. Los registros del estudio y los resultados informados son revisados por la Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina (NLM) para asegurarse de que cumplan con los estándares de control de calidad específicos antes de publicarlos en el sitio web público.
Fechas importantes del estudio
Inicio del estudio (Actual)
8 de febrero de 2021
Finalización primaria (Actual)
23 de junio de 2021
Finalización del estudio (Actual)
23 de junio de 2021
Fechas de registro del estudio
Enviado por primera vez
27 de enero de 2021
Primero enviado que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad
2 de febrero de 2021
Publicado por primera vez (Actual)
8 de febrero de 2021
Actualizaciones de registros de estudio
Última actualización publicada (Actual)
5 de agosto de 2021
Última actualización enviada que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad
4 de agosto de 2021
Última verificación
1 de agosto de 2021
Más información
Términos relacionados con este estudio
Palabras clave
Otros números de identificación del estudio
- TS_FastEvEx_2021
Plan de datos de participantes individuales (IPD)
¿Planea compartir datos de participantes individuales (IPD)?
INDECISO
Información sobre medicamentos y dispositivos, documentos del estudio
Estudia un producto farmacéutico regulado por la FDA de EE. UU.
No
Estudia un producto de dispositivo regulado por la FDA de EE. UU.
No
Esta información se obtuvo directamente del sitio web clinicaltrials.gov sin cambios. Si tiene alguna solicitud para cambiar, eliminar o actualizar los detalles de su estudio, comuníquese con register@clinicaltrials.gov. Tan pronto como se implemente un cambio en clinicaltrials.gov, también se actualizará automáticamente en nuestro sitio web. .