Fasted Evening Exercise: Performance and Compensatory Eating
2021年8月4日 更新者：Tommy Slater、Nottingham Trent University
Effects of Extended Fasting Prior to Evening Exercise on Appetite, Energy Intake and Performance.
This study will compare the appetite, energy intake, and exercise performance responses to a bout of exercise completed in the evening after an extended period of fasting with a similar bout of exercise completed in the evening and the morning, after consuming a carbohydrate-containing meal.
研究概览
详细说明
Regular exercise is known to be a successful strategy for improving several facets of health and maintaining body weight. However, many people are not engaging in enough exercise, and some may not be achieving maximum benefits from the exercise that they already do. Performing exercise in the overnight fasted state has been shown to reduce energy intake over the course of a single day, without any compensatory reductions in free-living energy expenditure. Despite these promising findings, it is likely that not every member of the population is logistically able to perform exercise in the morning due to various work, family and social commitments, and exercise in the evening may be a logical alternative for these individuals. Whether the beneficial effects of overnight fasted exercise can be observed at an alternative time of the day (i.e. the evening) is unknown.
Therefore, the investigators are interested in examining the compensatory appetite and energy intake responses following a bout of evening exercise performed after an extended (7 hour) period of fasting. Exercise performance will also be assessed as a marker of voluntary energy expenditure, which if reduced, has the potential to compensate for the reduced energy balance induced by fasted exercise.
研究类型
介入性
注册 (实际的)
16
阶段
- 不适用
联系人和位置
本节提供了进行研究的人员的详细联系信息，以及有关进行该研究的地点的信息。
学习地点
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Loughborough、英国、LE11 3TU
- Loughborough University
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Nottingham、英国、NG11 8NS
- Nottingham Trent University
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参与标准
研究人员寻找符合特定描述的人，称为资格标准。这些标准的一些例子是一个人的一般健康状况或先前的治疗。
资格标准
适合学习的年龄
18年 至 40年 (成人)
接受健康志愿者
是的
有资格学习的性别
全部
描述
Inclusion Criteria:
- Non-smokers.
- Have maintained a stable weight for 6 months (self-reported).
- No history of gastric, digestive, cardiovascular or renal disease (self-reported).
- Female specific: must be using a monophasic, low dose combined OCP (containing less than 50μg oestradiol and a synthetic progestin) OR females with regular menstrual cycles (self-reported).
Exclusion Criteria:
- Have an unusual eating pattern (i.e., extended fasting periods >8h other than overnight - self-reported).
- Severe food allergies, dislike or intolerance of study foods or drinks.
- Currently undergoing a lifestyle intervention (structured diet or exercise)
- Diagnosis of a condition or currently undergoing treatment therapy known to affect glucose or lipid metabolism (e.g., type-2 diabetes, taking statins), or contraindications to exercise.
- Use of medication or supplements that may affect hormone concentrations.
- Excessive alcohol consumption (>14 units/week).
- Intensive training schedule (>10 hours/week).
- Having received a positive COVID-19 test in the 6-month period prior to participation.
- Female specific: currently pregnant or breastfeeding, the use of any hormonal contraception, and the self-reporting of short (<24 d), long (>35 d), or irregular menstrual cycles.
学习计划
本节提供研究计划的详细信息，包括研究的设计方式和研究的衡量标准。
研究是如何设计的？
设计细节
- 主要用途：基础科学
- 分配：随机化
- 介入模型：交叉作业
- 屏蔽：无（打开标签）
武器和干预
参与者组/臂 |
干预/治疗 |
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实验性的：Fasted Evening Exercise
Exercise will take place in the evening, following a 7 hour period of fasting.
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A 45 minute exercise session will take place on a stationary cycle ergometer at 18:30, after a 7-hour period of fasting.
This will consist of 30 minutes of steady state cycling at 60% of VO2max, followed by an exercise test during which participants will complete as much work as they can within 15 minutes.
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有源比较器：Fed Evening Exercise
Exercise will take place in the evening, after having consumed a carbohydrate-containing meal 2 hours prior.
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A 45 minute exercise session will take place on a stationary cycle ergometer at 18:30, after having consumed a carbohydrate-containing meal (20% estimated energy requirements) 2 hours prior.
This will consist of 30 minutes of steady state cycling at 60% of VO2max, followed by an exercise test during which participants will complete as much work as they can within 15 minutes.
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有源比较器：Fed Morning Exercise
Exercise will take place in the morning, after having consumed a carbohydrate-containing meal 2 hours prior.
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A 45 minute exercise session will take place on a stationary cycle ergometer at 10:30, after having consumed a carbohydrate-containing meal (20% estimated energy requirements) 2 hours prior.
This will consist of 30 minutes of steady state cycling at 60% of VO2max, followed by an exercise test during which participants will complete as much work as they can within 15 minutes.
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研究衡量的是什么？
主要结果指标
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
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Voluntary energy intake (Kilocalories) at a laboratory-based test meal
大体时间：15 minutes following the end of the exercise session.
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A laboratory-based meal consisting of pasta, tomato sauce and olive oil will be provided to participants in excess of expected consumption.
Participants will be permitted 20 minutes to eat as much or as little as they desire, until 'comfortably full and satisfied'.
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15 minutes following the end of the exercise session.
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Exercise Performance (Voluntary Energy Expenditure)
大体时间：Within the 15-minute performance test component of the exercise session.
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Maximum energy expenditure (Kilojoules) that can be completed within 15 minutes on a stationary bicycle ergometer.
The participant will be able to alter their power output by selecting up or down on the ergometer control unit as they please.
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Within the 15-minute performance test component of the exercise session.
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次要结果测量
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
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Visual Analogue Scale for Subjective Ratings of Appetite
大体时间：Baseline, 2 hours, 3 hours, 3.5 hours, 5 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, 14 hours, and 24 hours.
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Time-course of subjective ratings of hunger between breakfast provision and one hour after consuming lunch, measured using an appetite visual analogue scale.
The scale is divided into subscales of different appetite perceptions including: hunger, fullness, desire to eat and prospective food consumption.
Each subscale is rated on a 100mm scale (i.e. from 0 - 100), with a rating of 100 fully supporting the perception and a rating of 0 fully opposing the perception.
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Baseline, 2 hours, 3 hours, 3.5 hours, 5 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, 14 hours, and 24 hours.
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Substrate Utilisation During Steady State Exercise.
大体时间：Within the 30-minute steady-state component of the exercise session.
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Measurements of VO2 and VCO2 during a 30 minute steady state bout of cycling which precedes the 15-minute performance test.
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Within the 30-minute steady-state component of the exercise session.
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Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE).
大体时间：Within the 45-minute exercise session.
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RPE will be measured at 5-minute intervals throughout the 45-minute exercise period (30 min steady state; 15 min performance test) on a 6-20 RPE scale.
The participant will point to the value that corresponds to their current perceived exertion (6 being no exertion at all; 20 being maximal exertion).
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Within the 45-minute exercise session.
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Enjoyment of the Exercise Bout
大体时间：Immediately following the end of the exercise session.
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A shortened version of The Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) will be completed to gauge enjoyment of the exercise sessions. A scale from 1-7 will be used for eight feelings. The participant will circle the value that corresponds to which (6 being no exertion at all; 20 being maximal exertion). The scale is divided into bipolar subscales of different feelings including: enjoyment, liking, pleasure, fun, pleasantness, interest, engagement and task absorption . Each subscale is rated on a 1-7 bipolar scale (i.e. from 1 - 7), with a rating of 1 fully supporting the feeling on the left-hand side of the subscale, and a rating of 7 fully supporting the feeling on the right-hand side of the subscale. For three subscales, a positive feeling is placed at 7, and for four subscales, a negative feeling is placed at 7 (reverse scored). |
Immediately following the end of the exercise session.
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Pre-exercise Subjective Feelings
大体时间：Immediately before the exercise session.
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A single questionnaire to assess pre-exercise subjective feelings will be measured using a visual analogue scale.
The scale is divided into subscales of different feelings including: motivation, readiness, tiredness, nausea, and energetic.
Each subscale is rated on a 100mm scale (i.e. from 0 - 100), with a rating of 100 fully supporting the perception and a rating of 0 fully opposing the perception.
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Immediately before the exercise session.
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合作者和调查者
在这里您可以找到参与这项研究的人员和组织。
出版物和有用的链接
负责输入研究信息的人员自愿提供这些出版物。这些可能与研究有关。
一般刊物
- McIver VJ, Mattin LR, Evans GH, Yau AMW. Diurnal influences of fasted and non-fasted brisk walking on gastric emptying rate, metabolic responses, and appetite in healthy males. Appetite. 2019 Dec 1;143:104411. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104411. Epub 2019 Aug 21.
- Edinburgh RM, Hengist A, Smith HA, Travers RL, Betts JA, Thompson D, Walhin JP, Wallis GA, Hamilton DL, Stevenson EJ, Tipton KD, Gonzalez JT. Skipping Breakfast Before Exercise Creates a More Negative 24-hour Energy Balance: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy Physically Active Young Men. J Nutr. 2019 Aug 1;149(8):1326-1334. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxz018.
- Bachman JL, Deitrick RW, Hillman AR. Exercising in the Fasted State Reduced 24-Hour Energy Intake in Active Male Adults. J Nutr Metab. 2016;2016:1984198. doi: 10.1155/2016/1984198. Epub 2016 Sep 21.
- Kendzierski, D., & DeCarlo, K. J. (1991). Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale: Two Validation Studies. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 13(1), 50-64. doi:10.1123/jsep.13.1.50.
- Clayton DJ, Barutcu A, Machin C, Stensel DJ, James LJ. Effect of Breakfast Omission on Energy Intake and Evening Exercise Performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015 Dec;47(12):2645-52. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000702.
- James LJ, Moss J, Henry J, Papadopoulou C, Mears SA. Hypohydration impairs endurance performance: a blinded study. Physiol Rep. 2017 Jun;5(12):e13315. doi: 10.14814/phy2.13315.
- Metcalfe RS, Thomas M, Lamb C, Chowdhury EA. Omission of a carbohydrate-rich breakfast impairs evening endurance exercise performance despite complete dietary compensation at lunch. Eur J Sport Sci. 2021 Jul;21(7):1013-1021. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1797890. Epub 2020 Aug 27.
- Maffucci DM, McMurray RG. Towards optimizing the timing of the pre-exercise meal. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2000 Jun;10(2):103-13. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.10.2.103.
- Wallis GA, Gonzalez JT. Is exercise best served on an empty stomach? Proc Nutr Soc. 2019 Feb;78(1):110-117. doi: 10.1017/S0029665118002574. Epub 2018 Oct 18.
- Raedeke, T. D. (2007). The Relationship Between Enjoyment and Affective Responses to Exercise. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 19(1), 105-115. doi:10.1080/10413200601113638
研究记录日期
这些日期跟踪向 ClinicalTrials.gov 提交研究记录和摘要结果的进度。研究记录和报告的结果由国家医学图书馆 (NLM) 审查，以确保它们在发布到公共网站之前符合特定的质量控制标准。
研究主要日期
学习开始 (实际的)
2021年2月8日
初级完成 (实际的)
2021年6月23日
研究完成 (实际的)
2021年6月23日
研究注册日期
首次提交
2021年1月27日
首先提交符合 QC 标准的
2021年2月2日
首次发布 (实际的)
2021年2月8日
研究记录更新
最后更新发布 (实际的)
2021年8月5日
上次提交的符合 QC 标准的更新
2021年8月4日
最后验证
2021年8月1日
更多信息
此信息直接从 clinicaltrials.gov 网站检索，没有任何更改。如果您有任何更改、删除或更新研究详细信息的请求，请联系 register@clinicaltrials.gov. clinicaltrials.gov 上实施更改，我们的网站上也会自动更新.
Fasted Evening Exercise的临床试验
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University of Maryland, BaltimoreNational Institute on Aging (NIA)完全的