新型コロナウイルス感染症急性期後続発症に対する在宅脳刺激療法（PASC）

実験的：アクティブな tDCS

このグループは、遠隔監視下での 30 分間のセッションで、自宅の tDCS デバイスを介して、左背外側前頭前野に毎日能動刺激 (2 mA) を 4 週間受けます。

デバイス：アクティブな tDCS

国際 10-10 EEG システムに基づいて、F3 電極を介して 2 mA の陽極刺激が左前頭前皮質に適用されます。

偽コンパレータ：偽のtDCS

このグループは、遠隔監視下での 30 分間のセッションで、自宅の tDCS デバイスを介して、左背外側前頭前野に 4 週間毎日疑似刺激を与えます。

デバイス：偽のtDCS

偽刺激は、F3 電極を介して左前頭前皮質に適用されます。

Inhibitory Control

Performance during the incongruent trials of the Eriksen Flanker Task were assessed at baseline (before the beginning of the 4-week home tDCS intervention). The performance is quantified as the ratio of correct responses to all responses. For example, a score of 0.70 indicates that the participant responded to 70% of the trials correctly.

Inhibitory Control

Performance during the incongruent trials of the Eriksen Flanker Task were assessed approximately approximately 4-weeks after baseline. The performance is quantified as the ratio of correct responses to all responses. For example, a score of 0.70 indicates that the participant responded to 70% of the trials correctly.

Processing Speed

Reaction time during the incongruent trials of the Eriksen Flanker Task were assessed at baseline (before the beginning of the 4-week home tDCS intervention)

Processing Speed

Reaction time during the incongruent trials of the Eriksen Flanker Task were assessed approximately 4-weeks after baseline.

EEG P300 Event-related Potential

EEG P300 amplitudes time-locked to the incongruent trials of the Eriksen Flanker Task were assessed at baseline (before the beginning of the 4-week home tDCS intervention). EEG event-related potential amplitudes (measured in microvolts, µV) were normalized across EEG channels using a scaling procedure, in which each channel was rescaled to reduce variability in signal magnitude among electrodes while preserving temporal and spectral characteristics. While larger P300 amplitudes are typically associated with better cognitive outcomes, this can vary among study populations.

EEG P300 Event-related Potential

EEG P300 amplitudes time-locked to the incongruent trials of the Eriksen Flanker Task were assessed approximately 4-weeks after baseline. EEG event-related potential amplitudes (measured in microvolts, µV) were normalized across EEG channels using a scaling procedure, in which each channel was rescaled to reduce variability in signal magnitude among electrodes while preserving temporal and spectral characteristics. While larger P300 amplitudes are typically associated with better cognitive outcomes, this can vary among study populations.

Cognitive Flexibility

Performance on the NIH Toolbox Dimensional Change Card Sort Test, a computerized measure of executive function assessing cognitive flexibility, attention, and set-shifting. Participants match target stimuli based on changing rules (e.g., color or shape). Scores are reported as fully corrected (for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and education) T-scores (mean = 50, SD = 10), with higher scores indicating better cognitive flexibility and executive control.

Cognitive Flexibility

Performance on the NIH Toolbox Dimensional Change Card Sort Test, a computerized measure of executive function assessing cognitive flexibility, attention, and set-shifting. Participants match target stimuli based on changing rules (e.g., color or shape). Scores are reported as fully corrected (for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and education) T-scores (mean = 50, SD = 10), with higher scores indicating better cognitive flexibility and executive control.

Working Memory

Performance on the NIH Toolbox List Sorting Working Memory Test, which assesses working memory capacity through sequencing and recall of visually and verbally presented stimuli in size order. The task requires temporary storage and manipulation of information across increasing list lengths. Scores are reported as fully corrected (for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and education) T-scores (mean = 50, SD = 10), with higher scores indicating better working memory performance.

Working Memory

Performance on the NIH Toolbox List Sorting Working Memory Test, which assesses working memory capacity through sequencing and recall of visually and verbally presented stimuli in size order. The task requires temporary storage and manipulation of information across increasing list lengths. Scores are reported as fully corrected (for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and education) T-scores (mean = 50, SD = 10), with higher scores indicating better working memory performance.

Episodic Memory

Performance on the NIH Toolbox Picture Sequence Memory Test, a measure of episodic memory in which participants reproduce the order of a sequence of visually presented pictures. The task assesses the ability to encode, store, and retrieve sequential information. Scores are reported as fully corrected (for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and education) T-scores (mean = 50, SD = 10), with higher scores indicating better episodic memory function.

Episodic Memory

Performance on the NIH Toolbox Picture Sequence Memory Test, a measure of episodic memory in which participants reproduce the order of a sequence of visually presented pictures. The task assesses the ability to encode, store, and retrieve sequential information. Scores are reported as fully corrected (for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and education) T-scores (mean = 50, SD = 10), with higher scores indicating better episodic memory function.