Evaluating In-line Chlorination in Nigeria
2026年5月14日 更新者：Amy Janel Pickering、University of California, Berkeley
In-line Chlorination for Drinking Water Treatment in Nigeria
This study evaluates the implementation and effectiveness of in-line chlorination (ILC) for improving drinking water quality in rural Nigeria.
Unsafe drinking water remains a major contributor to diarrheal disease, particularly among children under five.
Inline chlorination is a passive water treatment approach that automatically doses chlorine at community water systems without requiring electricity or daily user action.
Two cluster randomized controlled trials will be conducted in Kano State (North-West Nigeria) and Cross River State (South-South Nigeria).
Communities will be randomized to either receive in-line chlorination installed at eligible communal water systems or serve as controls with no chlorination.
The unit of randomization is a community or a cluster of communities that share water system for drinking water.
The primary objective is to estimate the causal impact of in-line chlorination on household drinking water quality.
Outcomes include the prevalence of Escherichia coli contamination in tap water and stored household water as well as the presence of free chlorine residual.
Secondary objectives assess water source usage and adoption of chlorinated sources, as well as reduction in diarrheal disease.
Implementation fidelity and operational performance of chlorination devices will also be monitored.
調査の概要
状態
まだ募集していません
研究の種類
介入
入学 (推定)
2655
段階
- 適用できない
連絡先と場所
このセクションには、調査を実施する担当者の連絡先の詳細と、この調査が実施されている場所に関する情報が記載されています。
研究連絡先
- 名前：Amy J Pickering
- 電話番号：+1.510.410.2666
- メール：pickering@berkeley.edu
研究連絡先のバックアップ
- 名前：Elisa M Maffioli
- 電話番号：+1.443.875.4930
- メール：elisamaf@umich.edu
研究場所
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Cross River State
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Yala、Cross River State、ナイジェリア
- Yala LGA
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コンタクト：
- Gbenga Adedayo
- 電話番号：+234.805.602.6845
- メール：gadedayo@hanovialimited.com
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Kano State
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Makuda、Kano State、ナイジェリア
- Makoda LGA
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コンタクト：
- Gbenga Adedayo
- 電話番号：+234.805.602.6845
- メール：gadedayo@hanovialimited.com
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参加基準
研究者は、適格基準と呼ばれる特定の説明に適合する人を探します。これらの基準のいくつかの例は、人の一般的な健康状態または以前の治療です。
適格基準
就学可能な年齢
- 子
- 大人
- 高齢者
健康ボランティアの受け入れ
はい
説明
Inclusion Criteria:
- Adult (18+) or emancipated minor (15+) pregnant women and women with children under 5 years old who do not plan to permanently move in the next 12 months.
- Must be knowledgeable about the household's water collection and management practices
Exclusion Criteria:
- Non-age-eligible women. Men and non-emancipated minors. Women who do not consent.
研究計画
このセクションでは、研究がどのように設計され、研究が何を測定しているかなど、研究計画の詳細を提供します。
研究はどのように設計されていますか？
デザインの詳細
- 主な目的：防止
- 割り当て：ランダム化
- 介入モデル：並列代入
- マスキング：なし（オープンラベル）
武器と介入
参加者グループ / アーム |
介入・治療 |
|---|---|
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実験的：Arm 1: Inline Chlorination (ILC) with Behavioral Change Communication (BCC)
Communities randomized to this arm will receive inline chlorination installed at eligible communal drinking water systems, such as boreholes or handpumps, and behavioral change communication.
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In-line chlorination devices will be installed on all compatible communal water systems within treatment communities.
Devices automatically dose chlorine proportional to water flow without requiring electricity or daily user input.
Technologies will include TuriTap liquid dosers installed at handpumps and CTI-8 tablet dosers installed at tanks or piped systems.
Devices will be calibrated and routinely monitored to maintain chlorine residual within recommended ranges.
In addition to device installation, communities will participate in behavior change communication (BCC) activities designed to support understanding and acceptance of chlorinated water.
BCC activities will include community sensitization meetings conducted by the implementing partner.
Meetings will provide information on the purpose of chlorination through the in-line chlorination devices, expected benefits and limitations, safe water handling practices, and guidance for addressing taste or odor concerns.
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介入なし：Arm 2: Control (No Chlorination)
Communities randomized to this arm will not receive inline chlorination during the study period and will continue their usual water collection and treatment practices.
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この研究は何を測定していますか？
主要な結果の測定
結果測定 |
メジャーの説明 |
時間枠 |
|---|---|---|
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Proportion of water source samples with detectable free chlorine residual.
時間枠：About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Measured as >0.1 ppm.
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Proportion of household stored drinking water samples with detectable free chlorine residual.
時間枠：About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Measured as >0.1 ppm.
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Proportion of household stored drinking water samples positive for Escherichia coli.
時間枠：About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Measured as >1 MPN/100 mL of water by culture-based assay
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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二次結果の測定
結果測定 |
メジャーの説明 |
時間枠 |
|---|---|---|
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Proportion of water source samples with detectable total chlorine residual.
時間枠：About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Measured as >0.1 ppm.
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Concentration of E. coli in water source samples
時間枠：About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Concentration of E. coli (in log10 MPN/100ml) in water source samples by culture-based assay
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Concentration of E. coli in household stored water samples
時間枠：About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Concentration of E. coli (in log10 MPN/100ml) in household stored water samples by culture-based assay
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Concentration of total coliform bacteria in water source samples
時間枠：About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Concentration of total coliform bacteria (MPN/100mL) in water source samples
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Concentration of total coliform bacteria in household stored water samples
時間枠：About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Concentration of total coliform bacteria (MPN/100mL) in household stored water samples
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Prevalence of caregiver-reported diarrhea among children under five years of age
時間枠：About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Measured as the proportion of children under five reported by caregivers to have experienced diarrhea, defined as three or more loose or watery stools within a 24-hour period, during the 7 days preceding the survey.
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Prevalence of caregiver-reported diarrhea among household members, any age
時間枠：About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Measured as the proportion of individuals surveyed in the household that have experienced diarrhea, defined as three or more loose or watery stools within a 24-hour period, during the 7 days preceding the survey.
Measured for subset of available respondents.
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Prevalence of diarrhea among female caregivers
時間枠：Time frame - About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Measured as the proportion of respondents that have experienced diarrhea, defined as three or more loose or watery stools within a 24-hour period, during the 7 days preceding the survey.
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Time frame - About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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その他の成果指標
結果測定 |
メジャーの説明 |
時間枠 |
|---|---|---|
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Proportion of households reporting an ILC-compatible water source as their primary drinking water source
時間枠：About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Measured as the percentage of surveyed households identifying an ILC-compatible water system as their source of drinking water.
ILC-compatible water systems (boreholes, piped systems, or handpumps have chlorinated water in treatment)
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Proportion of households switching away from ILC-treated water sources
時間枠：About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Measured as the percentage of households that discontinue use of a chlorinated water system for drinking water compared to baseline.
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Proportion of households reporting any household-level water treatment
時間枠：About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Measured as the percentage of households reporting treatment of drinking water prior to consumption (e.g., boiling, filtration, manual chlorination).
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Time spent on household-level water treatment
時間枠：About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Time (minutes) reported by households per day on making water safer to drink (gender stratified)
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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協力者と研究者
ここでは、この調査に関係する人々や組織を見つけることができます。
捜査官
- 主任研究者：Amy J Pickering、University of California, Berkeley
- 主任研究者：Elisa M Maffioli、University of Michigan
- 主任研究者：Adamu I Tanko, PhD、Bayero University Kano, Nigeria
出版物と役立つリンク
研究に関する情報を入力する責任者は、自発的にこれらの出版物を提供します。これらは、研究に関連するあらゆるものに関するものである可能性があります。
一般刊行物
- Lindmark M, Cherukumilli K, Crider YS, Marcenac P, Lozier M, Voth-Gaeddert L, Lantagne DS, Mihelcic JR, Zhang QM, Just C, Pickering AJ. Passive In-Line Chlorination for Drinking Water Disinfection: A Critical Review. Environ Sci Technol. 2022 Jul 5;56(13):9164-9181. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08580. Epub 2022 Jun 14.
- Pickering AJ, Crider Y, Sultana S, Swarthout J, Goddard FG, Anjerul Islam S, Sen S, Ayyagari R, Luby SP. Effect of in-line drinking water chlorination at the point of collection on child diarrhoea in urban Bangladesh: a double-blind, cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet Glob Health. 2019 Sep;7(9):e1247-e1256. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30315-8.
研究記録日
これらの日付は、ClinicalTrials.gov への研究記録と要約結果の提出の進捗状況を追跡します。研究記録と報告された結果は、国立医学図書館 (NLM) によって審査され、公開 Web サイトに掲載される前に、特定の品質管理基準を満たしていることが確認されます。
主要日程の研究
研究開始 (推定)
2026年5月26日
一次修了 (推定)
2027年12月31日
研究の完了 (推定)
2027年12月31日
試験登録日
最初に提出
2026年5月14日
QC基準を満たした最初の提出物
2026年5月14日
最初の投稿 (実際)
2026年5月22日
学習記録の更新
投稿された最後の更新 (実際)
2026年5月22日
QC基準を満たした最後の更新が送信されました
2026年5月14日
最終確認日
2026年5月1日
詳しくは
本研究に関する用語
追加の関連 MeSH 用語
その他の研究ID番号
- 2025-08-18832
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個々の参加者データ (IPD) を共有する予定はありますか?
いいえ
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いいえ
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いいえ
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