Validity and Reliability of the Exergame Enjoyment Questionnaire (EEQ) in Turkish
2026년 4월 25일 업데이트: Gulfidan Tokgoz, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa
Validity and Reliability of the Exergame Enjoyment Questionnaire (EEQ) in a Geriatric Population in Turkish
The aim of this research is to adapt the Exergame Enjoyment Questionnaire (EEQ) into Turkish and to evaluate its suitability for the Turkish elderly population through validity and reliability analyses.
After the cultural adaptation process is completed, the construct validity of the scale will be evaluated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses; its reliability will be assessed through internal consistency coefficients (Cronbach's alpha) and test-retest reliability over time (ICC).
Accordingly, the study aims to provide a valid and reliable assessment tool for clinicians and researchers who wish to evaluate individual experiences in exergaming-based interventions.
연구 개요
상세 설명
While regular exercise plays a critical role in maintaining the physical and cognitive health of the growing elderly population, barriers such as lack of motivation, physical limitations, and boredom restrict participation in exercise among the elderly.
Multimodal "exergaming" applications, which combine exercise and gamification dynamics, offer an innovative and enjoyable alternative that enhances the motivation, balance, cognitive skills, and coordination of older individuals.
The long-term success of exergaming interventions and the sustainability of participation should be evaluated not only by physical outcomes but also by psychosocial motivational parameters such as enjoyment, flow, and sense of control derived from the game.
The Exergame Experience Questionnaire (EEQ) stands out in the literature for measuring this experience.
However, the EEQ scale, in its current form, is only valid within the English-speaking cultural context.
Despite the increasing prevalence of exergaming applications in Türkiye, the lack of a psychometrically robust and culturally adapted measurement tool capable of evaluating this experience in a multidimensional way hinders the individualization of interventions and the measurement of their effectiveness.
This study aims to address this deficiency.
연구 유형
관찰
등록 (추정된)
46
연락처 및 위치
이 섹션에서는 연구를 수행하는 사람들의 연락처 정보와 이 연구가 수행되는 장소에 대한 정보를 제공합니다.
연구 연락처
- 이름: GULFİDAN TOKGÖZ, Lecturer, PhD (c)
- 전화번호: 0552 022 76 32
- 이메일: gulfidan.tokgoz@gmail.com
연구 장소
-
-
-
Balıkesir, 터키 (Türkiye)
- Balıkesir Üniversitesi
-
연락하다:
- GULFİDAN TOKGÖZ, Lecturer, PhD (c)
- 전화번호: 0552 022 76 32
- 이메일: gulfidan.tokgoz@gmail.com
-
부수사관:
- Bilal Katipoğlu, Assoc. Prof. Dr.
-
부수사관:
- Nilay ARMAN, Assoc. Prof. Dr.
-
-
참여기준
연구원은 적격성 기준이라는 특정 설명에 맞는 사람을 찾습니다. 이러한 기준의 몇 가지 예는 개인의 일반적인 건강 상태 또는 이전 치료입니다.
자격 기준
공부할 수 있는 나이
- 고령자
건강한 자원 봉사자를 받아들입니다
예
샘플링 방법
비확률 샘플
연구 인구
The study population consists of individuals aged 65 and over residing in the city center of Balıkesir.
Accordingly, the sample group will be comprised of volunteer elderly individuals who meet the specified inclusion criteria, have a cognitive capacity suitable for data collection, and have experience with the exergaming applications included in the study protocol.
설명
Inclusion Criteria:
- Being 65 years of age or older
- Having participated in an exergaming application at least once before
- Not having a physical, sensory or cognitive disability that would prevent participation in the exergaming application
- Agreeing to participate voluntarily and providing informed consent
Exclusion Criteria:
- Individuals with active neurological, vestibular, or psychiatric disorders
- Individuals diagnosed with moderate or severe cognitive impairment (MMSE < 24 and/or MoCA < 21)
- Individuals with severe hearing or vision loss
- Individuals who are physically unable to participate in exergaming due to cardiopulmonary or orthopedic reasons
- Individuals with no prior exergaming experience
- Individuals who experience significant communication difficulties
- Participants who do not sign the voluntary consent form
공부 계획
이 섹션에서는 연구 설계 방법과 연구가 측정하는 내용을 포함하여 연구 계획에 대한 세부 정보를 제공합니다.
연구는 어떻게 설계됩니까?
디자인 세부사항
코호트 및 개입
그룹/코호트 |
개입 / 치료 |
|---|---|
|
Geriartric Indivıduals
The study population consists of individuals aged 65 and over residing in the city center of Balıkesir.
|
The adaptation process of the Exergame Enjoyment Questionnaire (EEQ) into Turkish will be carried out following the forward-backward translation method proposed by Beaton et al. (2000), which has international validity.
In this context, the scale will first be translated from English to Turkish by two independent translators, one a healthcare specialist and the other a professional language expert.
These two translations will then be compared to create a common preliminary text; subsequently, this text will be translated back into English by two independent translators whose native language is English and who are familiar with the conceptual content, and any loss of meaning will be evaluated.
The resulting Turkish draft will be reviewed by an expert panel for cultural appropriateness, linguistic clarity, and conceptual equivalent; necessary adjustments will be made.
Finally, the scale will be piloted on 10 elderly individuals selected from the target population, and feedback on the com
|
연구는 무엇을 측정합니까?
주요 결과 측정
결과 측정 |
측정값 설명 |
기간 |
|---|---|---|
|
Exergame Enjoyment Questionnaire (EEQ)
기간: 2 weeks
|
The Exergame Enjoyment Questionnaire (EEQ) is a self-report, multidimensional measurement tool developed to assess the level of enjoyment individuals experience while participating in exercise-based digital games (Fitzgerald et al.). The scale allows for a comprehensive assessment of both the structural characteristics of the digital game and the experience related to physical activity (Fitzgerald et al.). The original form of the EEQ consists of a total of 20 items, adapted from scales such as the Game Engagement Questionnaire (GEQ), Immersive Experience Questionnaire (IEQ), and Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES), which have previously proven their validity and reliability (Fitzgerald et al.). Each item is answered using a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 5 (Strongly Agree). The scale items are structured in four sub-dimensions: Immersion, Intrinsically Rewarding Activity, User Control, and Exercise Experience. O |
2 weeks
|
2차 결과 측정
결과 측정 |
측정값 설명 |
기간 |
|---|---|---|
|
Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PAES)
기간: 1 weeks
|
The Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PAES) is a self-report psychometric scale developed to assess the level of enjoyment individuals experience while participating in physical activity (Mullen et al., 2011; Özkurt et al., 2022).
The Turkish adapted version of the scale was introduced to the Turkish population by Özkurt et al. (2022) after completing the cultural adaptation process and validity and reliability analyses.
PAES has a single-factor structure consisting of 8 items.
Each item is answered with a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 7 (Strongly Agree) (Özkurt et al., 2022).
High scores obtained from the scale indicate that the individual experiences a high level of enjoyment during physical activity.
The scale's internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach's alpha = 0.96) and composite reliability value (CR = 0.95) were found to be high, indicating that the scale has strong psychometric properties (Özkurt et al.,
|
1 weeks
|
공동 작업자 및 조사자
여기에서 이 연구와 관련된 사람과 조직을 찾을 수 있습니다.
간행물 및 유용한 링크
연구에 대한 정보 입력을 담당하는 사람이 자발적으로 이러한 간행물을 제공합니다. 이것은 연구와 관련된 모든 것에 관한 것일 수 있습니다.
일반 간행물
- Özkurt, B., Küçükibiş, H. F., & Eskiler, E. (2022). Fiziksel Aktivitelerden Keyif Alma Ölçeği (FAKÖ): Türk Kültürüne Uyarlama, Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(1), 21-37. https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.976300
- Fitzgerald, A., Huang, S., Sposato, K., Wang, D., Claypool, M., & Agu, E. (2020). The Exergame Enjoyment Questionnaire (EEQ): An instrument for measuring exergame enjoyment. Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS).
연구 기록 날짜
이 날짜는 ClinicalTrials.gov에 대한 연구 기록 및 요약 결과 제출의 진행 상황을 추적합니다. 연구 기록 및 보고된 결과는 공개 웹사이트에 게시되기 전에 특정 품질 관리 기준을 충족하는지 확인하기 위해 국립 의학 도서관(NLM)에서 검토합니다.
연구 주요 날짜
연구 시작 (추정된)
2026년 4월 30일
기본 완료 (추정된)
2026년 5월 15일
연구 완료 (추정된)
2026년 9월 30일
연구 등록 날짜
최초 제출
2026년 4월 25일
QC 기준을 충족하는 최초 제출
2026년 4월 25일
처음 게시됨 (실제)
2026년 5월 1일
연구 기록 업데이트
마지막 업데이트 게시됨 (실제)
2026년 5월 1일
QC 기준을 충족하는 마지막 업데이트 제출
2026년 4월 25일
마지막으로 확인됨
2026년 4월 1일
추가 정보
이 정보는 변경 없이 clinicaltrials.gov 웹사이트에서 직접 가져온 것입니다. 귀하의 연구 세부 정보를 변경, 제거 또는 업데이트하도록 요청하는 경우 register@clinicaltrials.gov. 문의하십시오. 변경 사항이 clinicaltrials.gov에 구현되는 즉시 저희 웹사이트에도 자동으로 업데이트됩니다. .