Validity and Reliability of the Exergame Enjoyment Questionnaire (EEQ) in Turkish
25 de abril de 2026 actualizado por: Gulfidan Tokgoz, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa
Validity and Reliability of the Exergame Enjoyment Questionnaire (EEQ) in a Geriatric Population in Turkish
The aim of this research is to adapt the Exergame Enjoyment Questionnaire (EEQ) into Turkish and to evaluate its suitability for the Turkish elderly population through validity and reliability analyses.
After the cultural adaptation process is completed, the construct validity of the scale will be evaluated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses; its reliability will be assessed through internal consistency coefficients (Cronbach's alpha) and test-retest reliability over time (ICC).
Accordingly, the study aims to provide a valid and reliable assessment tool for clinicians and researchers who wish to evaluate individual experiences in exergaming-based interventions.
Descripción general del estudio
Estado
Aún no reclutando
Condiciones
Intervención / Tratamiento
Descripción detallada
While regular exercise plays a critical role in maintaining the physical and cognitive health of the growing elderly population, barriers such as lack of motivation, physical limitations, and boredom restrict participation in exercise among the elderly.
Multimodal "exergaming" applications, which combine exercise and gamification dynamics, offer an innovative and enjoyable alternative that enhances the motivation, balance, cognitive skills, and coordination of older individuals.
The long-term success of exergaming interventions and the sustainability of participation should be evaluated not only by physical outcomes but also by psychosocial motivational parameters such as enjoyment, flow, and sense of control derived from the game.
The Exergame Experience Questionnaire (EEQ) stands out in the literature for measuring this experience.
However, the EEQ scale, in its current form, is only valid within the English-speaking cultural context.
Despite the increasing prevalence of exergaming applications in Türkiye, the lack of a psychometrically robust and culturally adapted measurement tool capable of evaluating this experience in a multidimensional way hinders the individualization of interventions and the measurement of their effectiveness.
This study aims to address this deficiency.
Tipo de estudio
De observación
Inscripción (Estimado)
46
Contactos y Ubicaciones
Esta sección proporciona los datos de contacto de quienes realizan el estudio e información sobre dónde se lleva a cabo este estudio.
Estudio Contacto
- Nombre: GULFİDAN TOKGÖZ, Lecturer, PhD (c)
- Número de teléfono: 0552 022 76 32
- Correo electrónico: gulfidan.tokgoz@gmail.com
Ubicaciones de estudio
-
-
-
Balıkesir, Turquía (Türkiye)
- Balıkesir Üniversitesi
-
Contacto:
- GULFİDAN TOKGÖZ, Lecturer, PhD (c)
- Número de teléfono: 0552 022 76 32
- Correo electrónico: gulfidan.tokgoz@gmail.com
-
Sub-Investigador:
- Bilal Katipoğlu, Assoc. Prof. Dr.
-
Sub-Investigador:
- Nilay ARMAN, Assoc. Prof. Dr.
-
-
Criterios de participación
Los investigadores buscan personas que se ajusten a una determinada descripción, denominada criterio de elegibilidad. Algunos ejemplos de estos criterios son el estado de salud general de una persona o tratamientos previos.
Criterio de elegibilidad
Edades elegibles para estudiar
- Adulto Mayor
Acepta Voluntarios Saludables
Sí
Método de muestreo
Muestra no probabilística
Población de estudio
The study population consists of individuals aged 65 and over residing in the city center of Balıkesir.
Accordingly, the sample group will be comprised of volunteer elderly individuals who meet the specified inclusion criteria, have a cognitive capacity suitable for data collection, and have experience with the exergaming applications included in the study protocol.
Descripción
Inclusion Criteria:
- Being 65 years of age or older
- Having participated in an exergaming application at least once before
- Not having a physical, sensory or cognitive disability that would prevent participation in the exergaming application
- Agreeing to participate voluntarily and providing informed consent
Exclusion Criteria:
- Individuals with active neurological, vestibular, or psychiatric disorders
- Individuals diagnosed with moderate or severe cognitive impairment (MMSE < 24 and/or MoCA < 21)
- Individuals with severe hearing or vision loss
- Individuals who are physically unable to participate in exergaming due to cardiopulmonary or orthopedic reasons
- Individuals with no prior exergaming experience
- Individuals who experience significant communication difficulties
- Participants who do not sign the voluntary consent form
Plan de estudios
Esta sección proporciona detalles del plan de estudio, incluido cómo está diseñado el estudio y qué mide el estudio.
¿Cómo está diseñado el estudio?
Detalles de diseño
Cohortes e Intervenciones
Grupo / Cohorte |
Intervención / Tratamiento |
|---|---|
|
Geriartric Indivıduals
The study population consists of individuals aged 65 and over residing in the city center of Balıkesir.
|
The adaptation process of the Exergame Enjoyment Questionnaire (EEQ) into Turkish will be carried out following the forward-backward translation method proposed by Beaton et al. (2000), which has international validity.
In this context, the scale will first be translated from English to Turkish by two independent translators, one a healthcare specialist and the other a professional language expert.
These two translations will then be compared to create a common preliminary text; subsequently, this text will be translated back into English by two independent translators whose native language is English and who are familiar with the conceptual content, and any loss of meaning will be evaluated.
The resulting Turkish draft will be reviewed by an expert panel for cultural appropriateness, linguistic clarity, and conceptual equivalent; necessary adjustments will be made.
Finally, the scale will be piloted on 10 elderly individuals selected from the target population, and feedback on the com
|
¿Qué mide el estudio?
Medidas de resultado primarias
Medida de resultado |
Medida Descripción |
Periodo de tiempo |
|---|---|---|
|
Exergame Enjoyment Questionnaire (EEQ)
Periodo de tiempo: 2 weeks
|
The Exergame Enjoyment Questionnaire (EEQ) is a self-report, multidimensional measurement tool developed to assess the level of enjoyment individuals experience while participating in exercise-based digital games (Fitzgerald et al.). The scale allows for a comprehensive assessment of both the structural characteristics of the digital game and the experience related to physical activity (Fitzgerald et al.). The original form of the EEQ consists of a total of 20 items, adapted from scales such as the Game Engagement Questionnaire (GEQ), Immersive Experience Questionnaire (IEQ), and Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES), which have previously proven their validity and reliability (Fitzgerald et al.). Each item is answered using a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 5 (Strongly Agree). The scale items are structured in four sub-dimensions: Immersion, Intrinsically Rewarding Activity, User Control, and Exercise Experience. O |
2 weeks
|
Medidas de resultado secundarias
Medida de resultado |
Medida Descripción |
Periodo de tiempo |
|---|---|---|
|
Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PAES)
Periodo de tiempo: 1 weeks
|
The Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PAES) is a self-report psychometric scale developed to assess the level of enjoyment individuals experience while participating in physical activity (Mullen et al., 2011; Özkurt et al., 2022).
The Turkish adapted version of the scale was introduced to the Turkish population by Özkurt et al. (2022) after completing the cultural adaptation process and validity and reliability analyses.
PAES has a single-factor structure consisting of 8 items.
Each item is answered with a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 7 (Strongly Agree) (Özkurt et al., 2022).
High scores obtained from the scale indicate that the individual experiences a high level of enjoyment during physical activity.
The scale's internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach's alpha = 0.96) and composite reliability value (CR = 0.95) were found to be high, indicating that the scale has strong psychometric properties (Özkurt et al.,
|
1 weeks
|
Colaboradores e Investigadores
Aquí es donde encontrará personas y organizaciones involucradas en este estudio.
Patrocinador
Publicaciones y enlaces útiles
La persona responsable de ingresar información sobre el estudio proporciona voluntariamente estas publicaciones. Estos pueden ser sobre cualquier cosa relacionada con el estudio.
Publicaciones Generales
- Özkurt, B., Küçükibiş, H. F., & Eskiler, E. (2022). Fiziksel Aktivitelerden Keyif Alma Ölçeği (FAKÖ): Türk Kültürüne Uyarlama, Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(1), 21-37. https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.976300
- Fitzgerald, A., Huang, S., Sposato, K., Wang, D., Claypool, M., & Agu, E. (2020). The Exergame Enjoyment Questionnaire (EEQ): An instrument for measuring exergame enjoyment. Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS).
Fechas de registro del estudio
Estas fechas rastrean el progreso del registro del estudio y los envíos de resultados resumidos a ClinicalTrials.gov. Los registros del estudio y los resultados informados son revisados por la Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina (NLM) para asegurarse de que cumplan con los estándares de control de calidad específicos antes de publicarlos en el sitio web público.
Fechas importantes del estudio
Inicio del estudio (Estimado)
30 de abril de 2026
Finalización primaria (Estimado)
15 de mayo de 2026
Finalización del estudio (Estimado)
30 de septiembre de 2026
Fechas de registro del estudio
Enviado por primera vez
25 de abril de 2026
Primero enviado que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad
25 de abril de 2026
Publicado por primera vez (Actual)
1 de mayo de 2026
Actualizaciones de registros de estudio
Última actualización publicada (Actual)
1 de mayo de 2026
Última actualización enviada que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad
25 de abril de 2026
Última verificación
1 de abril de 2026
Más información
Términos relacionados con este estudio
Palabras clave
Términos MeSH relevantes adicionales
Otros números de identificación del estudio
- 2026/45
Plan de datos de participantes individuales (IPD)
¿Planea compartir datos de participantes individuales (IPD)?
NO
Información sobre medicamentos y dispositivos, documentos del estudio
Estudia un producto farmacéutico regulado por la FDA de EE. UU.
No
Estudia un producto de dispositivo regulado por la FDA de EE. UU.
No
Esta información se obtuvo directamente del sitio web clinicaltrials.gov sin cambios. Si tiene alguna solicitud para cambiar, eliminar o actualizar los detalles de su estudio, comuníquese con register@clinicaltrials.gov. Tan pronto como se implemente un cambio en clinicaltrials.gov, también se actualizará automáticamente en nuestro sitio web. .