Validity and Reliability of the Exergame Enjoyment Questionnaire (EEQ) in Turkish
2026年4月25日 更新者：Gulfidan Tokgoz、Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa
Validity and Reliability of the Exergame Enjoyment Questionnaire (EEQ) in a Geriatric Population in Turkish
The aim of this research is to adapt the Exergame Enjoyment Questionnaire (EEQ) into Turkish and to evaluate its suitability for the Turkish elderly population through validity and reliability analyses.
After the cultural adaptation process is completed, the construct validity of the scale will be evaluated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses; its reliability will be assessed through internal consistency coefficients (Cronbach's alpha) and test-retest reliability over time (ICC).
Accordingly, the study aims to provide a valid and reliable assessment tool for clinicians and researchers who wish to evaluate individual experiences in exergaming-based interventions.
研究概览
详细说明
While regular exercise plays a critical role in maintaining the physical and cognitive health of the growing elderly population, barriers such as lack of motivation, physical limitations, and boredom restrict participation in exercise among the elderly.
Multimodal "exergaming" applications, which combine exercise and gamification dynamics, offer an innovative and enjoyable alternative that enhances the motivation, balance, cognitive skills, and coordination of older individuals.
The long-term success of exergaming interventions and the sustainability of participation should be evaluated not only by physical outcomes but also by psychosocial motivational parameters such as enjoyment, flow, and sense of control derived from the game.
The Exergame Experience Questionnaire (EEQ) stands out in the literature for measuring this experience.
However, the EEQ scale, in its current form, is only valid within the English-speaking cultural context.
Despite the increasing prevalence of exergaming applications in Türkiye, the lack of a psychometrically robust and culturally adapted measurement tool capable of evaluating this experience in a multidimensional way hinders the individualization of interventions and the measurement of their effectiveness.
This study aims to address this deficiency.
研究类型
观察性的
注册 (估计的)
46
联系人和位置
本节提供了进行研究的人员的详细联系信息，以及有关进行该研究的地点的信息。
学习联系方式
- 姓名：GULFİDAN TOKGÖZ, Lecturer, PhD (c)
- 电话号码：0552 022 76 32
- 邮箱：gulfidan.tokgoz@gmail.com
学习地点
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Balıkesir、土耳其（türkiye）
- Balıkesir Üniversitesi
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接触：
- GULFİDAN TOKGÖZ, Lecturer, PhD (c)
- 电话号码：0552 022 76 32
- 邮箱：gulfidan.tokgoz@gmail.com
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副研究员：
- Bilal Katipoğlu, Assoc. Prof. Dr.
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副研究员：
- Nilay ARMAN, Assoc. Prof. Dr.
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参与标准
研究人员寻找符合特定描述的人，称为资格标准。这些标准的一些例子是一个人的一般健康状况或先前的治疗。
资格标准
适合学习的年龄
- 年长者
接受健康志愿者
是的
取样方法
非概率样本
研究人群
The study population consists of individuals aged 65 and over residing in the city center of Balıkesir.
Accordingly, the sample group will be comprised of volunteer elderly individuals who meet the specified inclusion criteria, have a cognitive capacity suitable for data collection, and have experience with the exergaming applications included in the study protocol.
描述
Inclusion Criteria:
- Being 65 years of age or older
- Having participated in an exergaming application at least once before
- Not having a physical, sensory or cognitive disability that would prevent participation in the exergaming application
- Agreeing to participate voluntarily and providing informed consent
Exclusion Criteria:
- Individuals with active neurological, vestibular, or psychiatric disorders
- Individuals diagnosed with moderate or severe cognitive impairment (MMSE < 24 and/or MoCA < 21)
- Individuals with severe hearing or vision loss
- Individuals who are physically unable to participate in exergaming due to cardiopulmonary or orthopedic reasons
- Individuals with no prior exergaming experience
- Individuals who experience significant communication difficulties
- Participants who do not sign the voluntary consent form
学习计划
本节提供研究计划的详细信息，包括研究的设计方式和研究的衡量标准。
研究是如何设计的？
设计细节
队列和干预
团体/队列 |
干预/治疗 |
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Geriartric Indivıduals
The study population consists of individuals aged 65 and over residing in the city center of Balıkesir.
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The adaptation process of the Exergame Enjoyment Questionnaire (EEQ) into Turkish will be carried out following the forward-backward translation method proposed by Beaton et al. (2000), which has international validity.
In this context, the scale will first be translated from English to Turkish by two independent translators, one a healthcare specialist and the other a professional language expert.
These two translations will then be compared to create a common preliminary text; subsequently, this text will be translated back into English by two independent translators whose native language is English and who are familiar with the conceptual content, and any loss of meaning will be evaluated.
The resulting Turkish draft will be reviewed by an expert panel for cultural appropriateness, linguistic clarity, and conceptual equivalent; necessary adjustments will be made.
Finally, the scale will be piloted on 10 elderly individuals selected from the target population, and feedback on the com
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研究衡量的是什么？
主要结果指标
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
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Exergame Enjoyment Questionnaire (EEQ)
大体时间：2 weeks
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The Exergame Enjoyment Questionnaire (EEQ) is a self-report, multidimensional measurement tool developed to assess the level of enjoyment individuals experience while participating in exercise-based digital games (Fitzgerald et al.). The scale allows for a comprehensive assessment of both the structural characteristics of the digital game and the experience related to physical activity (Fitzgerald et al.). The original form of the EEQ consists of a total of 20 items, adapted from scales such as the Game Engagement Questionnaire (GEQ), Immersive Experience Questionnaire (IEQ), and Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES), which have previously proven their validity and reliability (Fitzgerald et al.). Each item is answered using a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 5 (Strongly Agree). The scale items are structured in four sub-dimensions: Immersion, Intrinsically Rewarding Activity, User Control, and Exercise Experience. O |
2 weeks
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次要结果测量
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
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Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PAES)
大体时间：1 weeks
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The Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PAES) is a self-report psychometric scale developed to assess the level of enjoyment individuals experience while participating in physical activity (Mullen et al., 2011; Özkurt et al., 2022).
The Turkish adapted version of the scale was introduced to the Turkish population by Özkurt et al. (2022) after completing the cultural adaptation process and validity and reliability analyses.
PAES has a single-factor structure consisting of 8 items.
Each item is answered with a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 7 (Strongly Agree) (Özkurt et al., 2022).
High scores obtained from the scale indicate that the individual experiences a high level of enjoyment during physical activity.
The scale's internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach's alpha = 0.96) and composite reliability value (CR = 0.95) were found to be high, indicating that the scale has strong psychometric properties (Özkurt et al.,
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1 weeks
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合作者和调查者
在这里您可以找到参与这项研究的人员和组织。
出版物和有用的链接
负责输入研究信息的人员自愿提供这些出版物。这些可能与研究有关。
一般刊物
- Özkurt, B., Küçükibiş, H. F., & Eskiler, E. (2022). Fiziksel Aktivitelerden Keyif Alma Ölçeği (FAKÖ): Türk Kültürüne Uyarlama, Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(1), 21-37. https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.976300
- Fitzgerald, A., Huang, S., Sposato, K., Wang, D., Claypool, M., & Agu, E. (2020). The Exergame Enjoyment Questionnaire (EEQ): An instrument for measuring exergame enjoyment. Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS).
研究记录日期
这些日期跟踪向 ClinicalTrials.gov 提交研究记录和摘要结果的进度。研究记录和报告的结果由国家医学图书馆 (NLM) 审查，以确保它们在发布到公共网站之前符合特定的质量控制标准。
研究主要日期
学习开始 (估计的)
2026年4月30日
初级完成 (估计的)
2026年5月15日
研究完成 (估计的)
2026年9月30日
研究注册日期
首次提交
2026年4月25日
首先提交符合 QC 标准的
2026年4月25日
首次发布 (实际的)
2026年5月1日
研究记录更新
最后更新发布 (实际的)
2026年5月1日
上次提交的符合 QC 标准的更新
2026年4月25日
最后验证
2026年4月1日
更多信息
此信息直接从 clinicaltrials.gov 网站检索，没有任何更改。如果您有任何更改、删除或更新研究详细信息的请求，请联系 register@clinicaltrials.gov. clinicaltrials.gov 上实施更改，我们的网站上也会自动更新.