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Reliability and Concordance of 15-metre (15-m) Sprint Performance on Sand and Firm Surfaces

9 juni 2026 bijgewerkt door: Édison Andrés Pérez Bedoya, Federal University of Vicosa

Within-Session and Between-Day Reliability of the 15-metre (15-m) Sprint on Sand and Firm Surfaces, and Concordance Between Conditions, in Male Beach-Sport Athletes

This observational repeated-measures methodological study evaluated the reliability and agreement of a 15-m linear sprint test performed on sand and firm surfaces in male beach-sport athletes. Participants completed three maximal sprint attempts on each surface during up to two testing sessions conducted on separate days.

The study examined trial-to-trial reliability within each session, stability between testing days, and concordance between sprint times obtained on sand and firm surfaces. No therapeutic or training intervention was administered. Sand and firm surfaces were used exclusively as assessment conditions.

Studie Overzicht

Toestand

Voltooid

Conditie

Gedetailleerde beschrijving

Male athletes participating in beach soccer, beach volleyball, or beach handball completed three maximal 15-m linear sprint attempts on both sand and firm surfaces. Each attempt was performed from a standardised standing start, with at least two minutes of passive recovery between attempts.

Testing comprised up to two sessions per participant on separate days. The order of the surface conditions was counterbalanced to reduce potential order and fatigue effects. Participants who attended two sessions completed the surfaces in the opposite order during the second session.

The primary measured variable was 15-m sprint time in seconds. The arithmetic mean of the three attempts and the fastest individual attempt were calculated for each surface and session. Within-session and between-day reliability were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients, coefficients of variation, standard errors of measurement, typical errors, and minimal detectable changes. Agreement between sand and firm-surface measurements was assessed using Lin's concordance correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman analysis.

Studietype

Observationeel

Inschrijving (Werkelijk)

16

Contacten en locaties

In dit gedeelte vindt u de contactgegevens van degenen die het onderzoek uitvoeren en informatie over waar dit onderzoek wordt uitgevoerd.

Studie Locaties

  • Colombia
    • Antioquia
      • Guarne, Antioquia, Colombia, 054080
        • Universidad de Antioquia

Deelname Criteria

Onderzoekers zoeken naar mensen die aan een bepaalde beschrijving voldoen, de zogenaamde geschiktheidscriteria. Enkele voorbeelden van deze criteria zijn iemands algemene gezondheidstoestand of eerdere behandelingen.

Geschiktheidscriteria

Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie

  • Volwassen
  • Oudere volwassene

Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers

Ja

Bemonsteringsmethode

Niet-waarschijnlijkheidssteekproef

Studie Bevolking

The study population consisted of male athletes participating in beach soccer, beach volleyball, or beach handball in Antioquia, Colombia. Participants were recruited using convenience sampling based on their availability during the data-collection period. Eligible athletes had completed at least six months of regular beach-sport training. Athletes with a musculoskeletal injury during the preceding six weeks, an acute illness during the preceding seven days, or who were unable to complete at least one full testing session were excluded.

Beschrijving

Inclusion Criteria

  • Male athlete participating in beach soccer, beach volleyball, or beach handball.
  • Minimum of six months of regular beach-sport training.
  • Able to complete maximal 15-m sprint assessments on sand and firm surfaces.
  • Provision of written informed consent before participation.

Exclusion Criteria

  • Musculoskeletal injury during the six weeks preceding testing.
  • Acute illness during the seven days preceding testing.
  • Failure to complete at least one full testing session.

Studie plan

Dit gedeelte bevat details van het studieplan, inclusief hoe de studie is opgezet en wat de studie meet.

Hoe is de studie opgezet?

Ontwerpdetails

Cohorten en interventies

Groep / Cohort
Male Beach-Sport Athletes
Sixteen male athletes participating in beach soccer, beach volleyball, or beach handball completed repeated 15-m sprint assessments on both sand and firm surfaces. Each participant performed three maximal sprint attempts per surface during each completed testing session. Ten participants completed two sessions on separate days, and six participants completed one session. No therapeutic or training intervention was administered; sand and firm surfaces were used exclusively as repeated assessment conditions to evaluate sprint-test reliability and between-surface concordance.

Wat meet het onderzoek?

Primaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Mean 15-m Sprint Time on Sand and Firm Surfaces
Tijdsspanne: During up to two testing sessions, each lasting approximately 45 minutes, conducted on separate days within one week.
Time, measured in seconds, required to complete a maximal 15-metre linear sprint. For each surface and testing session, the outcome was calculated as the arithmetic mean of three maximal sprint attempts. For the between-surface analysis, one participant-level value per surface was derived by averaging session means for participants who completed two sessions or by using the single available session for participants who completed one session.
During up to two testing sessions, each lasting approximately 45 minutes, conducted on separate days within one week.

Secundaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Within-Session Reliability of 15-m Sprint Time
Tijdsspanne: Across the three sprint attempts performed during each surface condition within a single testing session (45 minutes).
Trial-to-trial reliability of the three sprint attempts performed on each surface within each testing session, quantified using the absolute-agreement intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC(A,1)], coefficient of variation, standard error of measurement, typical error, and 95% minimal detectable change.
Across the three sprint attempts performed during each surface condition within a single testing session (45 minutes).
Between-Day Reliability of 15-m Sprint Time
Tijdsspanne: Across two testing sessions conducted on separate days within one week (each of 45 minutes).
Stability of mean sprint time between two testing sessions conducted on separate days, quantified using the absolute-agreement intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC(A,1)], coefficient of variation, standard error of measurement, typical error, and 95% minimal detectable change.
Across two testing sessions conducted on separate days within one week (each of 45 minutes).
Concordance Between Sand and Firm-Surface Sprint Times
Tijdsspanne: Participant-level measurements derived from up to two testing sessions conducted within one week (each of 45 minutes).
Agreement between participant-level mean 15-m sprint times obtained on sand and firm surfaces, evaluated using Lin's concordance correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman systematic bias and 95% limits of agreement.
Participant-level measurements derived from up to two testing sessions conducted within one week (each of 45 minutes).
Best 15-m Sprint Time on Sand and Firm Surfaces
Tijdsspanne: During up to two testing sessions, each lasting approximately 45 minutes, conducted on separate days within one week.
Fastest time, measured in seconds, recorded from the three maximal 15-metre sprint attempts performed on each surface during each testing session.
During up to two testing sessions, each lasting approximately 45 minutes, conducted on separate days within one week.

Medewerkers en onderzoekers

Hier vindt u mensen en organisaties die betrokken zijn bij dit onderzoek.

Sponsor

Federal University of Vicosa

Publicaties en nuttige links

De persoon die verantwoordelijk is voor het invoeren van informatie over het onderzoek stelt deze publicaties vrijwillig ter beschikking. Dit kan gaan over alles wat met het onderzoek te maken heeft.

Algemene publicaties

Studie record data

Deze datums volgen de voortgang van het onderzoeksdossier en de samenvatting van de ingediende resultaten bij ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieverslagen en gerapporteerde resultaten worden beoordeeld door de National Library of Medicine (NLM) om er zeker van te zijn dat ze voldoen aan specifieke kwaliteitscontrolenormen voordat ze op de openbare website worden geplaatst.

Bestudeer belangrijke data

Studie start (Werkelijk)

1 maart 2026

Primaire voltooiing (Werkelijk)

15 maart 2026

Studie voltooiing (Werkelijk)

15 maart 2026

Studieregistratiedata

Eerst ingediend

5 juni 2026

Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria

5 juni 2026

Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)

10 juni 2026

Updates van studierecords

Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)

11 juni 2026

Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria

9 juni 2026

Laatst geverifieerd

1 juni 2026

Meer informatie

Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie

Trefwoorden

Andere studie-ID-nummers

  • SANDSPRINT-OBS-01

Plan Individuele Deelnemersgegevens (IPD)

Bent u van plan om gegevens van individuele deelnemers (IPD) te delen?

JA

Beschrijving IPD-plan

De-identified individual participant data underlying the results reported in the publication may be shared upon reasonable request. Requests will be evaluated by the principal investigator and the responsible institution, considering the scientific purpose of the proposed use, participant confidentiality, ethical requirements, and compliance with applicable data-protection regulations. Data will be provided only after approval of the request and completion of an appropriate data-use agreement.

IPD-tijdsbestek voor delen

Data may be made available beginning after publication of the primary study results and will remain available for five years.

IPD-toegangscriteria voor delen

Researchers who submit a methodologically sound proposal may request access to the de-identified data. Requests must describe the research objectives, planned analyses, data-security procedures, and intended outputs. Access will be subject to approval by the principal investigator and the responsible institution, as well as completion of a data-use agreement.

IPD delen Ondersteunend informatietype

  • SAP
  • ANALYTIC_CODE

Informatie over medicijnen en apparaten, studiedocumenten

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd geneesmiddel

Nee

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd apparaatproduct

Nee

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