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Liposomal Bupivacaine vs Ropivacaine for Post-hemorrhoidectomy Analgesia
Liposomal Bupivacaine Versus Ropivacaine for Wound Infiltration Analgesia After Milligan-Morgan Open Hemorrhoidectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Studie Overzicht
Toestand
Interventie / Behandeling
Gedetailleerde beschrijving
Milligan-Morgan open hemorrhoidectomy is associated with substantial postoperative pain due to rich somatic innervation of the perianal region, wound exposure, anal sphincter spasm, and stimulation during defecation. Optimizing postoperative analgesia is critical for enhanced recovery. Local wound infiltration with ropivacaine is commonly used but provides limited duration of analgesia. Liposomal bupivacaine, formulated with a multivesicular liposomal delivery system, enables sustained release of bupivacaine at the injection site and may prolong local analgesia. However, high-quality comparative evidence between liposomal bupivacaine and ropivacaine for wound infiltration after open hemorrhoidectomy remains limited.
This single-center, prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled trial enrolled patients aged 18-60 years with grade III-IV internal hemorrhoids or mixed hemorrhoids scheduled for elective Milligan-Morgan open hemorrhoidectomy at Tongliao People's Hospital between November 2025 and May 2026. Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive perianal wound infiltration with either 266 mg of liposomal bupivacaine or 200 mg of ropivacaine hydrochloride, both diluted to 30 mL with normal saline and divided into six 5-mL aliquots infiltrated at six predefined perianal clock-face positions. All patients received spinal anesthesia with 15 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine. Rescue analgesia with oral diclofenac sodium 50 mg was provided when VAS pain score was ≥4.
The primary outcome is resting VAS pain score at 24 hours postoperatively. Secondary outcomes include resting and movement-evoked VAS pain scores at 4, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours, cumulative diclofenac sodium consumption during postoperative days 1-3, QoR-40 total scores on postoperative days 1-3, and adverse events (nausea and vomiting, rash, lower-extremity numbness or weakness, local anesthetic systemic toxicity, perianal hematoma, surgical-site infection) within 72 hours.
Studietype
Inschrijving (Geschat)
Fase
- Fase 4
Contacten en locaties
Studiecontact
- Naam: Xiaona Liu
- Telefoonnummer: +8615894886794
- E-mail: 15894886794@163.com
Studie Contact Back-up
- Naam: Yucheng Tian
- Telefoonnummer: +8615942988130
- E-mail: 3216134807@qq.com
Studie Locaties
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Tongliao
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Neimeng, Tongliao, China, 028000
- Tongliao People's Hospital
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Contact:
- Bo Sun
- Telefoonnummer: 0475-82511603
- E-mail: tlsyybgs@163.com
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Deelname Criteria
Geschiktheidscriteria
Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie
- Volwassen
Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers
Beschrijving
Inclusion Criteria:
- 1. Aged 18-60 years, irrespective of sex 2. Diagnosed with grade III-IV internal hemorrhoids or mixed hemorrhoids based on specialist examination and scheduled to undergo elective Milligan-Morgan open hemorrhoidectomy 3. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-III 4. Body mass index (BMI) of 18.0-30.0 kg/m² 5. Able to understand and complete the pain and quality-of-recovery assessments and willing to participate in the study
Exclusion Criteria:
1. Concomitant chronic low back or leg pain, anal fissure, perianal abscess, or other persistent painful conditions 2. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, or plans to become pregnant in the near future 3. Known allergy to bupivacaine, ropivacaine, or any other medication used during the study 4. Long-term regular use of opioids or use of analgesic medications within 48 hours before surgery 5. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome or severe cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, or pulmonary disease considered to significantly increase risks associated with neuraxial anesthesia or postoperative analgesia 6. Psychiatric or cognitive impairment that precludes completion of study assessments 7. Any other condition that, in the investigator's judgment, renders the patient unsuitable for participation
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Studie plan
Hoe is de studie opgezet?
Ontwerpdetails
- Primair doel: Behandeling
- Toewijzing: Gerandomiseerd
- Interventioneel model: Sequentiële toewijzing
- Masker: Geen (open label)
Wapens en interventies
Deelnemersgroep / Arm |
Interventie / Behandeling |
|---|---|
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Experimenteel: Liposomal Bupivacaine Group
Patients receive perianal wound infiltration with 266 mg of multivesicular liposomal bupivacaine (20 mL) diluted with 10 mL normal saline to a total volume of 30 mL.
The 30-mL solution is divided into six 5-mL aliquots and evenly infiltrated at six predefined perianal clock-face positions along the wound margins and adjacent tissues immediately after completion of surgery.
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266 mg (20 mL) diluted with 10 mL normal saline to total 30 mL; infiltrated at six perianal positions at end of surgery
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Actieve vergelijker: Ropivacaine Group
Patients receive perianal wound infiltration with 200 mg of ropivacaine hydrochloride (20 mL) diluted with 10 mL normal saline to a total volume of 30 mL.
The 30-mL solution is divided into six 5-mL aliquots and evenly infiltrated at six predefined perianal clock-face positions along the wound margins and adjacent tissues immediately after completion of surgery.
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200 mg (20 mL) diluted with 10 mL normal saline to total 30 mL; infiltrated at six perianal positions at end of surgery
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Wat meet het onderzoek?
Primaire uitkomstmaten
Uitkomstmaat |
Maatregel Beschrijving |
Tijdsspanne |
|---|---|---|
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Resting visual analog scale (VAS) pain score
Tijdsspanne: 48 hours after surgery
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Pain intensity at rest assessed using a 10-cm VAS, with 0 indicating no pain and 10 indicating the worst imaginable pain.
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48 hours after surgery
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Secundaire uitkomstmaten
Uitkomstmaat |
Maatregel Beschrijving |
Tijdsspanne |
|---|---|---|
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Resting and movement-evoked VAS pain scores
Tijdsspanne: 4, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after surgery
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Pain intensity at rest and during movement assessed using a 10-cm VAS at predefined postoperative time points.
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4, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after surgery
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Cumulative rescue analgesic consumption
Tijdsspanne: Postoperative days 1-3 (within 72 hours)
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Cumulative dose of oral diclofenac sodium (mg) consumed as rescue analgesia when VAS pain score ≥4.
Maximum daily dose 150 mg, minimum interval 8 hours
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Postoperative days 1-3 (within 72 hours)
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Quality of Recovery-40 (QoR-40) total score
Tijdsspanne: Postoperative days 1, 2, and 3
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The QoR-40 comprises 40 items across five dimensions (physical comfort, emotional state, physical independence, psychological support, and pain).
Total scores range from 40 to 200, with higher scores indicating better postoperative recovery.
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Postoperative days 1, 2, and 3
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Incidence of adverse events
Tijdsspanne: Within 72 hours after surgery
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Adverse events including nausea and vomiting, rash, lower-extremity numbness or weakness, local anesthetic systemic toxicity, perianal hematoma, and surgical-site infection
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Within 72 hours after surgery
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Meer informatie
Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie
Aanvullende relevante MeSH-voorwaarden
Andere studie-ID-nummers
- TongliaoCPH
- 337087 (Register-ID: China Clinical Trial Registration Center)
Plan Individuele Deelnemersgegevens (IPD)
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- LEERPROTOCOOL
- SAP
- ICF
- ANALYTIC_CODE
- MVO
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