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Effects Of Criteria Versus Time-Based Rehabilitation On Return To Play In Football Players

6. september 2026 oppdatert av: Riphah International University
This randomized controlled trial compares criteria-based rehabilitation (CBR) with time-based rehabilitation (TBR) for football players aged 18-35 with ACL reconstruction, hamstring strain, or ankle sprain. Both groups receive a six-week supervised rehabilitation program; the progression rules differ between groups.

Studieoversikt

Status

Har ikke rekruttert ennå

Forhold

Intervensjon / Behandling

Detaljert beskrivelse

Eligible football players will be recruited from local football clubs and academies in Islamabad Capital Territory and Rawalpindi. Written informed consent will be obtained. Participants will be randomly allocated 1:1 using a concealed, computer-generated sequence. Baseline demographic, functional, and psychological measures will be collected. Both groups follow the same general phase-based rehabilitation structure under licensed physiotherapist supervision. CBR progression depends on objective functional and psychological milestones; TBR progression follows fixed time intervals and return-to-play clearance at week 6 irrespective of milestones. Progression is paused or regressed if pain is ≥4/10 on VAS or swelling returns.

Studietype

Intervensjonell

Registrering (Antatt)

52

Fase

  • Ikke aktuelt

Kontakter og plasseringer

Denne delen inneholder kontaktinformasjon for de som utfører studien, og informasjon om hvor denne studien blir utført.

Studiekontakt

Studer Kontakt Backup

Studiesteder

  • Pakistan
    • Federal
      • Islamabad, Federal, Pakistan, 051

Deltakelseskriterier

Forskere ser etter personer som passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kalt kvalifikasjonskriterier. Noen eksempler på disse kriteriene er en persons generelle helsetilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Kvalifikasjonskriterier

Alder som er kvalifisert for studier

  • Voksen

Tar imot friske frivillige

Nei

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Injury Type: ACL reconstruction, hamstring strain, and ankle sprain.
  • Rehabilitation Phase: Phase 3 for ACL injuries, Phase 1&2 for hamstring strains and ankle sprains.
  • Football Activity: Active at club or regional football level

Exclusion Criteria:

  • History of Major surgery in affected limb
  • Chronic neurological or musculoskeletal disorder
  • Non-football athletes

Studieplan

Denne delen gir detaljer om studieplanen, inkludert hvordan studien er utformet og hva studien måler.

Hvordan er studiet utformet?

Designdetaljer

  • Primært formål: Annen
  • Tildeling: Randomisert
  • Intervensjonsmodell: Parallell tildeling
  • Masking: Enkelt

Våpen og intervensjoner

Deltakergruppe / Arm
Intervensjon / Behandling
Eksperimentell: Criteria based rehabilitation
Participants in this group will undergo a 6-week criteria-based rehabilitation program,consisting of 3-5 supervised sessions per week, each lasting 45-60 minutes. Exercise intensity will be progressively increased from low (40-50% of maximum effort) during early phases to high intensity (70-85%) in later stages, depending on individual performance and pain tolerance. Progression will depend on achieving specific functional and psychological benchmarks rather than elapsed time.
Annen: Experimental: Criteria based
  • Weeks 1-2: Focus on pain control, ROM restoration, and isometric strengthening (low intensity, 3-4 sets of 10-15 reps).
  • Weeks 2-4: Closed-chain and eccentric strengthening (moderate intensity, 3 sets of 12-15 reps), balance training, and jogging once LSI ≥ 80%.
  • Weeks 4-6: Plyometrics, agility, sprinting, and football-specific drills (high intensity, 4-5 sets, 80-85% effort).

Participants will only progress or return to play upon meeting the criteria: hop test LSI ≥ 90%, SEBT symmetry, improved ACLRSI,
Aktiv komparator: Time based rehabilitation
Participants in this group will follow a fixed 6-week time-based program with 3-5 sessions per week (45-60 minutes/session). Exercise intensity will progress automatically from low to high each week, regardless of functional test results.
Annen: Active comparator: Time based rehabilitation

Weeks 1-2: Pain reduction and early strengthening (low intensity, 3 sets of 10-12 reps).

  • Weeks 2-4: General strengthening, proprioception, and jogging (moderate intensity, 3 sets of 12-15 reps).
  • Weeks 4-6: Plyometrics, agility, sprinting, and football-specific drills (high intensity, 70-85% effort) All participants will be cleared for return to play at the end of Week 6, regardless of whether they have achieved functional or psychological milestones, reflecting a traditional time-driven rehabilitation approach. This design reflects conventional rehabilitation models used in previous comparative studies, in which exercise progression and RTP clearance are determined by elapsed time rather than by functional recovery.

Hva måler studien?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Tiltaksbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Hop battery test (single, triple, and crossover hop) including limb symmetry index (LSI)
Tidsramme: At baseline, 0 weeks 6 weeks post-intervention
A tool to assess lower-limb strength, power, symmetry and functional performance in athletes post-injury; demonstrates good test-retest reliability (ICC ≈ 0.85-0.97) and valid discriminatory ability, though its capacity to predict re-injury remains inconsistent
At baseline, 0 weeks 6 weeks post-intervention
Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT/Y-Balance)
Tidsramme: At Baseline After 6 weeks
Evaluates dynamic balance and postural control; high reliability (ICC 0.85-0.91) and validated in athletes
At Baseline After 6 weeks
ACL-RSI (Return to Sport after Injury Scale)
Tidsramme: At baseline After 6 weeks of intervention
Measures psychological readiness and fear of re-injury; strong internal consistency (α = 0.94) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.90)
At baseline After 6 weeks of intervention
Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK)
Tidsramme: at baseline at 6 weeks post intervention
Assesses fear of movement and re-injury; validated in musculoskeletal populations with good internal consistency (α = 0.810.87) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.84-0.90)
at baseline at 6 weeks post intervention
Landing Error Scoring System (LESS)
Tidsramme: at baseline at 6 weeks post intervention
The LESS is a movement screen used to identify specific movement patterns of the lower extremities that may increase an individual's risk for noncontact ACL injury
at baseline at 6 weeks post intervention
Reactive Strength Index (RSI)
Tidsramme: at baseline 6 weeks post intervention
Measures reactive strength and stretch-shortening cycle efficiency; demonstrates good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.87) in athletes.
at baseline 6 weeks post intervention

Samarbeidspartnere og etterforskere

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Sponsor

Riphah International University

Etterforskere

  • Hovedetterforsker: Ramsha Ali, Riphah International University

Studierekorddatoer

Disse datoene sporer fremdriften for innsending av studieposter og sammendragsresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieposter og rapporterte resultater gjennomgås av National Library of Medicine (NLM) for å sikre at de oppfyller spesifikke kvalitetskontrollstandarder før de legges ut på det offentlige nettstedet.

Studer hoveddatoer

Studiestart (Antatt)

1. september 2026

Primær fullføring (Antatt)

25. desember 2026

Studiet fullført (Antatt)

5. januar 2027

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først innsendt

6. september 2026

Først innsendt som oppfylte QC-kriteriene

6. september 2026

Først lagt ut (Faktiske)

11. september 2026

Oppdateringer av studieposter

Sist oppdatering lagt ut (Faktiske)

11. september 2026

Siste oppdatering sendt inn som oppfylte QC-kriteriene

6. september 2026

Sist bekreftet

1. september 2026

Mer informasjon

Begreper knyttet til denne studien

Nøkkelord

Ytterligere relevante MeSH-vilkår

Andre studie-ID-numre

  • Ramsha Ali

Plan for individuelle deltakerdata (IPD)

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NEI

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Nei

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