The Significance of Urine UbA52 In the Diagnosis of Diabetic Nephropathy

Inclusion Criteria:

1. diabetes diagnostic criteria (WHO, 1999),age < 80 years old, gender not limited;
2. diabetic with macro-or microalbuminuria;
3. the subjects not took hemodialysis;
4. with proteinuria due to nondiabetic renal disease :Hypertensive renal damage,drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis, IgA, primary membranous nephropathy,FSGS or MCD, which were confirmed by renal biopsy.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. acute diabetic complications: ketoacidosis, hypertonic coma;
2. the diagnosis of malignant tumors, particularly affecting the liver and kidney function of tumor and the application of radiation and chemotherapy treatment of patients;
3. cardiac insufficiency, heart function class 3 or above;
4. data is not complete, have an impact on the results;
5. not hospitalized patients;
6. accept long-term oral or static point methods such as steroid hormone therapy, application of renal toxicity of drugs;
7. with the exception of primary kidney disease and other causes lead to eye disease;
8. the combination of respiratory system infection or other systemic diseases and patients with severe primary diseases, vigorous exercise within 24 hours;
9. pregnancy or breastfeeding women
10. there is a clear liver disease, its alanine or aspertate aminotransferase 2 times higher than normal limit;
11. reluctant to collaborators and psychiatric patients;
12. has been undergoing hemodialysis.