Randomized Controlled Trial of the SurgDiff Model for Predicting Surgical Difficulty to Help Choose Approach in Mid-Low Rectal Cancer

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Pathological examination confirmed a diagnosis of rectal adenocarcinoma; radical surgery is recommended.
2. The inferior border of the tumor is ≥1 cm from the dentate line and ≤7 cm from the anal verge;
3. Preoperative staging was assessed in a stage of c/ycT1-3N0-2M0;
4. The cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic, renal, and other organ functions are adequate, and the patient can tolerate laparoscopic surgery.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Intraoperative exploration is unable to achieve R0 resection or preservation of the anus;
2. Lateral lymph node dissection is required;
3. Patients with a history of severe mental illness, immune disorders, or those taking hormonal medications;
4. Any other circumstances in which the investigator deems it inappropriate for inclusion.