Effects of Additional High-Intensity Pulsed Electromagnetic Field (HI-PEMF) Therapy on Pain and Physical Function After Total Hip Replacement

Inclusion Criteria:

A. Age 18 years or older.

B. Patients who have undergone primary unilateral total hip arthroplasty due to hip osteoarthritis.

C. Patients who, after postoperative evaluation by their surgeon, are advised to bear full weight within their tolerance.

Exclusion Criteria:

A. Patients who have not undergone primary hip arthroplasty.

B. Patients who are advised by their doctor to maintain non-weight-bearing or partial weight-bearing on the affected or unaffected side.

C. History of neurological deficits (e.g., sensory abnormalities, stroke, spinal cord injury, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis).

D. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) < 24 (mild cognitive impairment).

E. Berger's Balance Scale (BBS) < 40 (higher risk of falls).

F. Sensory abnormalities.

G. Before or after this exercise training, if pain in other areas (e.g., degenerative pain in the knee or spine) prevents movement, or if the hip joint still experiences pain on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score of 4 or higher even after taking pain medication.

H. Known malignancy.

I. Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or substance addiction (e.g., alcohol, drug).

J. Pregnant woman.

K. Individuals with implanted stents, pacemakers, or those requiring treatment for arrhythmia.

L. Wearing a hearing aid.