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Antibiotic Stewardship in Small Hospitals (SCORE)

7 augusti 2017 uppdaterad av: Eddie Stenehjem, Intermountain Health Care, Inc.

Impact of Implementing Antibiotic Stewardship Programs in 15 Small Hospitals: A Cluster-Randomized Trial Intervention

Core elements of effective antibiotic stewardship programs (ASPs) have been identified and evidence-based guidelines have been developed for implementation. The majority of the evidence used for these guidelines are from published studies on the effectiveness of ASPs in large academic or large community hospitals. A significant portion of healthcare in the United States, however, takes place in small hospitals. In 2015, 73% of US hospitals had < 200 beds (4,057 hospitals) and accounted for 29% of all US inpatient bed days. Limited studies on the effectiveness of antibiotic stewardship implementation have been performed in hospitals with < 200 beds. Antibiotic use rates and selection patterns in these small hospitals are similar to that of large hospitals and the majority of small hospitals lack formal ASP that meet the CDC's core elements. The objective of this real-world implementation study was to assess the effectiveness of three ASP strategies of escalating intensity designed specifically for small hospitals within a vertically integrated healthcare delivery system.

Studieöversikt

Status

Avslutad

Betingelser

Intervention / Behandling

Detaljerad beskrivning

The investigators designed a clustered randomized controlled intervention to evaluate 3 antibiotic stewardship strategies designed for small hospitals. Each hospital was randomized to one of three ASP interventions with increasing levels of intensity and intervention (Programs 1, 2, 3). The investigators felt that clinical equipoise about the effect of ASPs did not exist and randomizing to a no-intervention group was unacceptable. Antibiotic use was compared within each group before and after the intervention. In keeping with other real-world implementation studies, secondary analyses were planned to include an interrupted time series design to evaluate the impact of each strategy. Randomization of hospitals was stratified based on patient volume. Hospital administration and clinical leadership were not blinded to which ASP program they were randomly assigned to, but there were no public announcements. The intervention started March 2014 and ended June 2015.

Studietyp

Interventionell

Inskrivning (Faktisk)

30000

Fas

  • Inte tillämpbar

Deltagandekriterier

Forskare letar efter personer som passar en viss beskrivning, så kallade behörighetskriterier. Några exempel på dessa kriterier är en persons allmänna hälsotillstånd eller tidigare behandlingar.

Urvalskriterier

Åldrar som är berättigade till studier

  • Barn
  • Vuxen
  • Äldre vuxen

Tar emot friska volontärer

Nej

Kön som är behöriga för studier

Allt

Beskrivning

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Intermountain Healthcare acute care hospital with < 200 licensed beds
  • No formal antibiotic stewardship program in place

Exclusion Criteria:

-All Intermountain Healthcare specialty hospitals, regardless of bed size

Studieplan

Det här avsnittet ger detaljer om studieplanen, inklusive hur studien är utformad och vad studien mäter.

Hur är studien utformad?

Designdetaljer

  • Primärt syfte: Hälsovårdsforskning
  • Tilldelning: Randomiserad
  • Interventionsmodell: Parallellt uppdrag
  • Maskning: Ingen (Open Label)

Vapen och interventioner

Deltagargrupp / Arm
Intervention / Behandling
Aktiv komparator: Program 1
Implementation of a basic antibiotic stewardship program focusing on education, access to Infectious Diseases physicians, and availability of antibiotic use data.
Beteende: Program 1
Program 1 hospitals received a basic curriculum and tools for implementation of basic antibiotic stewardship interventions. Hospitals required an indication for every antibiotic order. A daily email was sent to a designated email account when a patient had been on an antibiotic for >48 hours. Curriculum included implementing antibiotic time-outs, IV to PO conversion, indications, evaluating for bug-drug mismatches, and recommendations on when to call the Infectious Diseases (ID) hotline. A daily antibiotic stewardship check list was created. All materials were provided to all pharmacists and remained on-site. Clinicians had access to an ID telephone hotline to answer clinical questions. Pharmacy directors and hospital leadership were provided a monthly, hospital-specific, antibiotic use dashboard. All pharmacy directors and staff received a monthly newsletter.
Aktiv komparator: Program 2
This arm increases antibiotic stewardship education and interventions. Program 2 hospitals performed audit and feedback of pre-specified antibiotics and implemented locally controlled restrictions.
Beteende: Program 2
Program 2 hospitals received all the interventions of Program 1. In addition, Program 2 hospitals received more intense antibiotic stewardship education. Educational topics included audit and feedback, antibiotic de-escalation, the need for antibiotics targeting anaerobic bacteria, antibiotic allergy verification, and antibiotic restrictions. Pharmacists in Program 2 hospitals reviewed patients on vancomycin, piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem, meropenem, and cefepime. For patients receiving one of these antibiotics, pharmacists reviewed the patients' microbiology data to identify opportunities for antibiotic de-escalation, IV to PO conversion, bug-drug mismatches, and/or indications for calling the ID hotline. Program 2 hospitals also restricted daptomycin, linezolid, imipenem, meropenem, ceftaroline, tigecycline, and all mold active antifungals. In Program 2 hospitals, the local pharmacy staff pre-authorized restricted antibiotics based on defined criteria.
Aktiv komparator: Program 3
This arm was the most intensive antibiotic stewardship intervention. It included signficant audit and feedback, ID controlled restrictions, and ID review of designated culture/lab results.
Beteende: Program 3
Program 3 hospitals received all the interventions of Program 1 and Program 2. In addition, pharmacists in program 3 hospitals reviewed an expanded list of antibiotics for audit and feedback. These antibiotics included: Vancomycin, piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem, meropenem, cefepime, ertapenem, aminoglycosides, ceftriaxone, and fluoroquinolones. Program 3 hospitals implemented the same antibiotic restrictions as Program 2 but ID pharmacists controlled pre-authorization of restricted antibiotics. In addition, an ID physician reviewed pre-specified positive cultures (e.g. all positive blood cultures, cultures with highly resistant Enterobacteraciae) and contacted providers with recommendations as needed. ID physician review occurred Monday through Friday and alerts were batched daily at 6am.

Vad mäter studien?

Primära resultatmått

Resultatmått
Åtgärdsbeskrivning
Tidsram
Total antibiotic use
Tidsram: Total antibiotic use during the 15 months of Intervention (April 1, 2014 through June 30th 2015) was compared to the antibiotic use during the 12 month baseline period (Jan 1 through Dec 31 2013).
Evaluated change in total antibiotic use between the baseline and intervention periods while accounting for the cluster randomized design.
Total antibiotic use during the 15 months of Intervention (April 1, 2014 through June 30th 2015) was compared to the antibiotic use during the 12 month baseline period (Jan 1 through Dec 31 2013).

Sekundära resultatmått

Resultatmått
Åtgärdsbeskrivning
Tidsram
Broad spectrum antibiotic use
Tidsram: Broad spectrum antibiotic use during the 15 months of Intervention (April 1, 2014 through June 30th 2015) was compared to the broad spectrum antibiotic use during the 12 month baseline period (Jan 1 through Dec 31 2013).
Evaluated change in broad spectrum antibiotic use between the baseline and intervention periods
Broad spectrum antibiotic use during the 15 months of Intervention (April 1, 2014 through June 30th 2015) was compared to the broad spectrum antibiotic use during the 12 month baseline period (Jan 1 through Dec 31 2013).
Restricted antibiotic use
Tidsram: Restricted antibiotic use during the 15 months of Intervention (April 1, 2014 through June 30th 2015) was compared to the restricted antibiotic use during the 12 month baseline period (Jan 1 through Dec 31 2013).
Evaluated change in restricted antibiotic use between the baseline and intervention periods
Restricted antibiotic use during the 15 months of Intervention (April 1, 2014 through June 30th 2015) was compared to the restricted antibiotic use during the 12 month baseline period (Jan 1 through Dec 31 2013).
30-day readmission
Tidsram: 30-day readmission rate during the 15 months of Intervention (April 1, 2014 through June 30th 2015) was compared to the 30-day readmission rate during the 12 month baseline period (Jan 1 through Dec 31 2013).
Evaluated change in 30 day readmission rates between the baseline and intervention periods
30-day readmission rate during the 15 months of Intervention (April 1, 2014 through June 30th 2015) was compared to the 30-day readmission rate during the 12 month baseline period (Jan 1 through Dec 31 2013).
30-day mortality
Tidsram: 30-day mortality rate during the 15 months of Intervention (April 1, 2014 through June 30th 2015) was compared to the 30-day mortality rate during the 12 month baseline period (Jan 1 through Dec 31 2013).
Evaluated change in 30 day mortality rates between the baseline and intervention periods
30-day mortality rate during the 15 months of Intervention (April 1, 2014 through June 30th 2015) was compared to the 30-day mortality rate during the 12 month baseline period (Jan 1 through Dec 31 2013).
Hospital length of stay
Tidsram: Average hospital length of stay during the 15 months of Intervention (April 1, 2014 through June 30th 2015) was compared to the average hospital length of stay during the 12 month baseline period (Jan 1 through Dec 31 2013).
Evaluated change in hospital length of stay between the baseline and intervention periods
Average hospital length of stay during the 15 months of Intervention (April 1, 2014 through June 30th 2015) was compared to the average hospital length of stay during the 12 month baseline period (Jan 1 through Dec 31 2013).
Clostridium difficile
Tidsram: C. difficile rate during the 15 months of Intervention (April 1, 2014 through June 30th 2015) was compared to the C. difficile rate during the 12 month baseline period (Jan 1 through Dec 31 2013).
Evaluated change in Clostridium difficile incidence between the baseline and intervention periods
C. difficile rate during the 15 months of Intervention (April 1, 2014 through June 30th 2015) was compared to the C. difficile rate during the 12 month baseline period (Jan 1 through Dec 31 2013).

Samarbetspartners och utredare

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Sponsor

Intermountain Health Care, Inc.

Publikationer och användbara länkar

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Användbara länkar

Studieavstämningsdatum

Dessa datum spårar framstegen för inlämningar av studieposter och sammanfattande resultat till ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieposter och rapporterade resultat granskas av National Library of Medicine (NLM) för att säkerställa att de uppfyller specifika kvalitetskontrollstandarder innan de publiceras på den offentliga webbplatsen.

Studera stora datum

Studiestart (Faktisk)

1 juli 2013

Primärt slutförande (Faktisk)

1 juni 2015

Avslutad studie (Faktisk)

1 juni 2015

Studieregistreringsdatum

Först inskickad

3 augusti 2017

Först inskickad som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna

7 augusti 2017

Första postat (Faktisk)

10 augusti 2017

Uppdateringar av studier

Senaste uppdatering publicerad (Faktisk)

10 augusti 2017

Senaste inskickade uppdateringen som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna

7 augusti 2017

Senast verifierad

1 augusti 2017

Mer information

Termer relaterade till denna studie

Andra studie-ID-nummer

  • 1024823

Plan för individuella deltagardata (IPD)

Planerar du att dela individuella deltagardata (IPD)?

Nej

IPD-planbeskrivning

N/A. No individual patient level data available.

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